{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T01:22:45Z","timestamp":1772241765672,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,12]],"date-time":"2015-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1434067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sevoflurane is widely used in pediatric anesthesia. However, a high incidence of emergence agitation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EA<\/jats:styled-content>) after general anesthesia with sevoflurane has been reported and pain has been regarded as a significant contributing factor. The objective of this prospective randomized, placebo\u2010controlled trial was to determine whether infraorbital nerve block reduces <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EA<\/jats:styled-content> in children undergoing repair of cleft lip after sevoflurane.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this randomized, placebo\u2010controlled trial, we enrolled 110 children (5\u00a0months to 6\u00a0years of age), who were scheduled for cleft lip surgery, and randomized them to the following two groups: Group S and Group B, where 1.5 ml saline (Group S) or 1.5 ml 0.25% bupivacaine (Group B) were administered in the infraorbital foramen. Emergence behavior was assessed in the postanesthesia care unit using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale and a 5\u2010point scale described by Cole. Pain was evaluated using the Children and Infants Postoperative Pain Scale (CHIPPS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One\u2010hundred children (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a050 per group) completed the study. The endtidal concentration of sevoflurane in Group B was lower than that in Group S. The incidence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EA<\/jats:styled-content> was 16% in Group B and 42% in Group S (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.008). The PAED scale score in Group B (mean [95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>] 9 [8\u201312]) was lower than that in Group S (11.5 [9.8\u201315]). The duration of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EA<\/jats:styled-content> in Group B was shorter than that in Group S. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHIPPS<\/jats:styled-content> score in postanesthetic care unit were lower in Group B (mean [95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>] 3 [2\u20133.3]) compared with that in Group S (5 [4\u20136]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In children undergoing cleft lip repair surgery, infraorbital nerve block at the beginning of surgery significantly decreased the incidence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EA<\/jats:styled-content> and the duration of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EA<\/jats:styled-content>, and provided satisfactory postoperative analgesia without delaying the time to extubation with sevoflurane anesthesia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,20]],"date-time":"2015-06-20T00:50:14Z","timestamp":1434761414000},"page":"906-910","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["The effect of infraorbital nerve block on emergence agitation in children undergoing cleft lip surgery under general anesthesia with sevoflurane"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Hong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology First People's Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College Bengbu 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