{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T02:16:33Z","timestamp":1781057793251,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>An episode of postoperative phenytoin toxicity in a patient undergoing surgery related to craniosynostosis highlighted the presence of hypoalbuminemia. We believe that hypoalbuminemia contributed to the altered pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in this case.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To establish the incidence of postoperative hypoalbuminemia in patients undergoing surgery related to craniosynostosis and to investigate the likely etiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data on 114 patients undergoing surgery for craniosynostosis over a 2\u2010year period at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>xford <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>hildren's <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>ospital, between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ay 2011 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ay 2013, were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty\u2010two patients were excluded due to incomplete data. This cohort represents the entire population for whom transfusion data had been formally collected at our institution. Preoperative and day 1 postoperative serum albumin levels were collected from the hospital laboratory database. Data regarding blood loss and intra\u2010operative fluid management were reviewed from the anesthetic database. Linear regression analysis was used to establish the relationship between percentage drop in serum albumin with: (i) milliliters per kilogram (ml\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) volume of albumin\u2010poor fluids used intra\u2010operatively and (ii) percentage estimated red cell mass loss.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All patients experienced a statistically significant drop in serum albumin. The mean difference in albumin was 17.1\u00a0g\u00b7l<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> (16.1\u201318.0) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Expressed as a percentage, the mean reduction was 37.9% (range 16\u201361%), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content> 9.7. The decrease in albumin was associated with an increase in estimated red cell mass loss (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and an increased ml\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> volume of albumin\u2010poor fluids given (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hemodilution due to large volume blood loss and transfusion with albumin\u2010poor fluids is strongly associated with postoperative hypoalbuminemia in patients undergoing surgery related to craniosynostosis. Practitioners should be aware of this risk and the implications of postoperative hypoalbuminemia in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T06:57:15Z","timestamp":1433141835000},"page":"924-928","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Postoperative hypoalbuminemia following surgery related to craniosynostosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Allison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Anaesthesia Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell G.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Anaesthesia Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Wall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Craniofacial Unit Department of Plastic Surgery Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Craniofacial Unit Department of Plastic Surgery Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumit","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Anaesthesia Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1988.69.3.0386"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.134.1.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-007-0223-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.88.5.419"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198607000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.28.11.1391"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PCC.0000235252.43921.DE"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200009000-00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2012.03927.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2012.03922.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03005352"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2009.03227.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"216","volume-title":"Pediatric Fluid Management. 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