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This systematic review assessed whether perioperative dexmedetomidine improves congenital heart disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHD<\/jats:styled-content>) surgery outcomes in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCT<\/jats:styled-content>s) or observational studies that were published until 16 April 2015 and compared dexmedetomidine with placebo or an alternative anesthetic agent during pediatric <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHD<\/jats:styled-content> surgery. The assessed outcomes included hemodynamics, ventilation length, intensive care unit (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICU<\/jats:styled-content>) and hospital stays, blood glucose and serum cortisol levels, postoperative analgesia requirements, and postoperative delirium.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCT<\/jats:styled-content>s and nine observational studies involving 2229 patients were included. In pooled analyses, dexmedetomidine was associated with shorter length of mechanical ventilation (mean difference: \u221293.36, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: \u2212137.45, \u221249.27), lower postoperative fentanyl (mean difference: \u221224.11, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: \u221236.98, \u221211.24) and morphine (mean difference: \u22120.07, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: \u22120.14, 0.00) requirements, reduced stress response (i.e., lower blood glucose and serum cortisol levels), and lower risk of delirium (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.39, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.21, 0.74). The hemodynamics of dexmedetomidine\u2010treated patients appeared more stable, but there were no significant differences in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICU<\/jats:styled-content> or hospital stay durations. Dexmedetomidine may increase the bradycardia and hypotension risk (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 3.14, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.47, 6.69).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current evidence indicates that dexmedetomidine improves outcomes in children undergoing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHD<\/jats:styled-content> surgery. However, this finding largely relies on data from observational studies; high\u2010quality <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCT<\/jats:styled-content>s are warranted because of the potential for subject selection bias.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,27]],"date-time":"2015-11-27T10:58:47Z","timestamp":1448621927000},"page":"239-248","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Outcomes of dexmedetomidine treatment in pediatric patients undergoing congenital heart disease surgery: a\u00a0meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Wanying","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxiao","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqiu","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"e46","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics \u2013 2010 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"121","author":"Lloyd\u2010Jones D","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2006.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14966-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200211000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14017430701302490"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.42.1.68"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.84846"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11646"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12587"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0b013e3182a2166f"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066602239122"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(03)00165-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2013.06.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.000936"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(95)00134-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"WellsGA SheaB O'ConnellDet\u00a0al.The Newcastle\u2010Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta\u2010analysis.www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp. 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