{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:21:48Z","timestamp":1777508508413,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,18]],"date-time":"2016-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preemptive analgesia is an anti\u2010nociceptive treatment that starts before surgery and prevents the establishment of central sensitization. Whether preemptive analgesia is more effective than conventional regimens for managing postoperative pain remains controversial. This study evaluated the efficacy of intravenous preemptive analgesia for acute postoperative pain control in pediatric patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this prospective randomized controlled trial, 51 children aged 3\u20137 years, scheduled for corrective osteotomy were randomized into control (group C) or preemptive (group P) group. Both groups received standardized general anesthesia, including intravenous patient\u2010controlled analgesia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCA<\/jats:styled-content>) with fentanyl, which was started before skin incision in group P or 5 min thereafter in group C. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCA<\/jats:styled-content> data, pain scores using verbal rating scale (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VRS<\/jats:styled-content>) and Wong\u2010Baker <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FACES<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> pain rating scale (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WBFS<\/jats:styled-content>), emergence agitation score (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EAS<\/jats:styled-content>) using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAED<\/jats:styled-content>) scale, analgesic requirements, and complications were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The primary outcome, pain score at postoperative 1 h, showed no difference between the groups. Both groups did not demonstrate emergence agitation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAED<\/jats:styled-content> cutoff value \u226512), although the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EAS<\/jats:styled-content> at admission to the postanesthetic care unit (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PACU<\/jats:styled-content>) was lower in group P than in group C (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.002; mean difference 4.85, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.97\u20137.73). There were no differences in the delivered volume of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCA<\/jats:styled-content>, frequency of pushing the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCA<\/jats:styled-content> button, effective push attempts, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VRS<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> WBFS<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> EAS<\/jats:styled-content> at discharge from the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PACU<\/jats:styled-content>, additional analgesic requirements, and complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preemptive analgesia using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCA<\/jats:styled-content> with fentanyl showed no significant advantages for postoperative analgesia after corrective osteotomy in pediatric patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,18]],"date-time":"2016-02-18T22:33:32Z","timestamp":1455834812000},"page":"438-443","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Randomized controlled trial on preemptive analgesia for acute postoperative pain management in children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"In\u2010Kyung","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain medicine Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong\u2010Hee","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain medicine Chung\u2010Ang University Hospital Seoul 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