{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T03:25:34Z","timestamp":1761017134354},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,9]],"date-time":"2016-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1457481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is often used in preoperative assessment before epilepsy surgery, tumor or cavernous malformation resection, or cochlear implantation. As it requires complete immobility, sedation is needed for uncooperative patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to compare the fMRI cortical activation pattern after auditory stimuli in propofol\u2010sedated 5\u2010 to 8\u2010year\u2010old children with that of similarly aged nonsedated children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>When possible, children underwent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> without sedation, otherwise it was induced with i.v. propofol 2 mg\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> and maintained with i.v. propofol 4\u20135 mg\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. Following diagnostic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>, fMRi was carried out, randomly alternating two passive listening tasks (a fairy\u2010tale and nonsense syllables).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied 14 awake and 15 sedated children. During the fairy\u2010tale task, the nonsedated children's blood\u2010oxygen\u2010level\u2010dependent (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BOLD<\/jats:styled-content>) signal was bilaterally present in the posterior superior temporal gyrus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STG<\/jats:styled-content>), Wernicke's area, and Broca's area. Sedated children showed similar activation, with lesser extension to Wernicke's area, and no activation in Broca's area. During the syllable task, the nonsedated children's <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BOLD<\/jats:styled-content> signal was bilaterally observed in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STG<\/jats:styled-content> and Wernicke's area, in Broca's area with leftward asymmetry, and in the premotor area. In sedated children, cortical activation was present in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STG<\/jats:styled-content>, but not in the frontal lobes. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BOLD<\/jats:styled-content> signal change areas in sedated children were less extended than in nonsedated children during both the fairy\u2010tale and syllable tasks. Modeling the temporal derivative during both the fairy\u2010tale and syllable tasks, nonsedated children showed no response while sedated children did.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>After auditory stimuli, propofol\u2010sedated 5\u2010 to 8\u2010year\u2010old children exhibit an fMRI cortical activation pattern which is different from that in similarly aged nonsedated children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,9]],"date-time":"2016-03-09T07:34:59Z","timestamp":1457508899000},"page":"521-530","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Auditory functional magnetic resonance in awake (nonsedated) and propofol\u2010sedated children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Gemma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head &amp; Neck Anesthesia San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan 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