{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T07:42:56Z","timestamp":1788248576633,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,17]],"date-time":"2017-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1489708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Computed tomography\u2010 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>) and magnetic resonance imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010based measurements have recently suggested that the narrowest dimension of the pediatric airway is the subglottic region. These data are contrary to the previously held tenets of a funnel\u2010 or conical\u2010shaped airway. The current study evaluates airway volumes and shapes using three\u2010dimensional <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> images of the air way column in spontaneously breathing children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010based radiological images of the neck in children who required imaging unrelated to airway symptomatology. The children were evaluated during spontaneous ventilation during natural sleep or with sedation without airway devices in place. The three\u2010dimensional images of the airway column were evaluated, volumes calculated, and comparisons made between the subglottic, cricoid, and tracheal volumes and shapes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study cohort included 54 children, ranging in age from 2 months to 8 years. An increase in the airway volumes was observed from the subglottic (0.17 \u00b1 0.06 mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) to the cricoid (0.19 \u00b1 0.06 mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) to the tracheal regions (0.22 \u00b1 0.07 mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>). The volumes of the subglottic, cricoid, and tracheal regions demonstrated a linear relationship with age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study confirms recent studies demonstrating that the subglottic region not the cricoid is the narrowest part of the airway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,17]],"date-time":"2017-03-17T13:47:02Z","timestamp":1489758422000},"page":"604-608","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Pediatric upper airway dimensions using three\u2010dimensional computed tomography imaging"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0631-3959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tariq M.","family":"Wani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmood","family":"Rafiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salman","family":"Talpur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurophysiology Neurosciences Center King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lahbib","family":"Soualmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph D.","family":"Tobias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12528"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200301000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23232"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e31819d1d99"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.82"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/42.650878"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.176.1.1760205"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.145.2.7134436"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.149.1.6688472"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200612-184HT"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Tubage de larynx dans le croup","volume":"6","author":"Bayeux R","year":"1897","journal-title":"La Presse Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200612000-00014"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fpan.13116","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pan.13116","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T18:25:08Z","timestamp":1696184708000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pan.13116"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Britta","family":"von Ungern\u2010Sternberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,17]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pan.13116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pan.13116","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1155-5645","1460-9592"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1155-5645","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-9592","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,17]]}}}