{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T22:00:47Z","timestamp":1783548047528,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,6]],"date-time":"2017-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the most distressing complications following surgery. Supplemental perioperative fluid therapy might be an effective strategy to reduce PONV in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of intraoperative liberal fluid therapy with crystalloids on PONV in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this randomized trial, a total of 150 children of 3\u20107 years undergoing lower abdominal and penile surgery under general anesthesia were randomly assigned into two groups. \u201cRestricted group\u201d received 10 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content> kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> and \u201cLiberal group\u201d received 30 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content> kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> infusion of Ringer's lactate solution intraoperatively. All patients received a caudal block and intravenous paracetamol for analgesia. No opioids and muscle relaxants were used. All episodes of nausea\u2010vomiting and the requirement of rescue antiemetic were assessed during 24 hours postoperatively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of PONV was significantly less in the liberal group patients as compared to the restricted group; 33 (45.8%) patients in the restricted group had vomiting as compared to 20 (27.4%) patients in the liberal group (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.59, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.38\u20100.93, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.021). The adjusted odds ratio of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PONV<\/jats:styled-content> for the liberal group vs restricted group was 2.24 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.12\u20104.48, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.022). The incidence of fluid intake during the first 6 postoperative hours was significantly higher in the restricted group patients; 60 (83%) children in the restricted group complained of thirst as compared to 12 (17%) children in the liberal group (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.19, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.18\u20100.33, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.0001). The parents of the liberal group were more satisfied as compared to the restricted group (mean difference \u22120.9, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: \u22121.8, \u22120.1, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.04). None of the children had any complication attributed to the liberal fluid therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Liberal intraoperative fluid therapy was found to be effective in reducing PONV in children undergoing lower abdominal surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,6]],"date-time":"2017-06-06T11:32:37Z","timestamp":1496748757000},"page":"810-815","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Effects of intraoperative liberal fluid therapy on postoperative nausea and vomiting in children\u2014A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Vighnesh","family":"Ashok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indu","family":"Bala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3075-8109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neerja","family":"Bharti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3085-1802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Divya","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ram","family":"Samujh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/70.2.135"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"245","article-title":"Surgical and patient factors involved in postoperative nausea and vomiting","volume":"62","author":"Lerman J","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2003.03262.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03021053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000148684.64286.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh219"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-199504000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2005.01693.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aes453"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.1995.tb00294.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19970515)16:9<965::AID-SIM509>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03430210050028","article-title":"Unanticipated admission to the hospital following ambulatory surgery","volume":"262","author":"Gold BS","year":"1989","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1995.01430040085019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"853","article-title":"Role of plasma vasopressin as a mediator of nausea and gastric slow wave dysrhythmias in motion sickness","volume":"272","author":"Kim MS","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000135639.57715.6C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199902000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.1998.00269.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199204000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2009.02974.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2011.03626.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000055820.56129.EE"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","first-page":"999","article-title":"The effects of intravenous Lactated ringer's solution versus 0.9% Sodium chloride solution on serum osmolarity in human volunteers","volume":"88","author":"Lynne WE","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fpan.13179","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pan.13179","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/pan.13179","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pan.13179","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T17:23:20Z","timestamp":1694366600000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pan.13179"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Francis","family":"Veyckemans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,6]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pan.13179"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pan.13179","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1155-5645","1460-9592"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1155-5645","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-9592","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,6]]}}}