{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:43:02Z","timestamp":1790109782487,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,13]],"date-time":"2017-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"departmental resources"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Shamberger and Welch classify sternal malformations into four types: thoracic ectopia cordis, cervical ectopia cordis, thoraco\u2010abdominal ectopia cordis, and cleft sternum. Cleft sternum is the most common subset, with a reported incidence of 1 in 50,000 to 100,000 live births, representing 0.15% of all anterior chest wall malformations. Acostello et\u00a0al further classify cleft sternum into complete or partial (superior, medium, inferior) with a simple superior partial cleft sternum being by far the most common with an orthotopic heart, intact pericardium, and normal skin coverage. Associated anomalies with superior partial cleft sternum are rare, but can include cervicofacial hemangiomas, midline raphe from the tip of the cleft to the umbilicus, and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PHACES<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (posterior fossa malformations, facial hemangiomas, arterial anomalies with coarctation of aorta, cardiac defects, eye abnormalities, sternal cleft, and supraumbilical raphe) syndrome. The more rare inferior partial clefts are associated with thoraco\u2010abdominal ectopia cordis as part of the Pentalogy of Cantrell (omphalocele, anterior diaphragmatic hernia, sternal cleft, ectopia cordis, ventricular septal defect\/left ventricular diverticulum). This review summarizes the current knowledge of all four types of sternal malformations, and provides guidance for optimal anesthetic and perioperative care of these children.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,14]],"date-time":"2017-10-14T00:30:26Z","timestamp":1507941026000},"page":"1084-1090","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Sternal malformations and anesthetic management"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5439-607X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John H.","family":"Nichols","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Boston Children's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viviane G.","family":"Nasr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiac Anesthesia Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Boston Children's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00179653"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","article-title":"Closing the cleft over a throbbing heart: neonatal sternal cleft","author":"Ashok RJ","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2003.50038"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.10398"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","first-page":"127","article-title":"The teratological records of Chaldea","volume":"1","author":"Ballantyne JW","year":"1894","journal-title":"Teratologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","volume-title":"Des Cordis. Inaugural Dissertation","author":"Weese C","year":"1818"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","first-page":"602","article-title":"A syndrome of congenital defects involving the abdominal wall, sternum, diaphragm, pericardium, and heart","volume":"107","author":"Cantrell JR","year":"1958","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/S0096-5588(20)31306-4","article-title":"Complete failure of sternal fusion with herniation of perdicardium. Report of a case corrected surgically in infancy","volume":"18","author":"Maier HC","year":"1949","journal-title":"J Thorac Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Ectopia cordis child surviving: prosthesis fails","volume":"10","author":"Saxena NC","year":"1976","journal-title":"Pediatr News"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchb.2013.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2008.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15513818609068872"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-016-1545-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","first-page":"293","author":"Lima M","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatric Thoracic Surgery."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","volume-title":"Pearson's Thoracic and Esophageal Surgery 3rd edition","author":"Deslauriers J"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fpan.13253","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pan.13253","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T10:18:09Z","timestamp":1695550689000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pan.13253"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,13]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pan.13253"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pan.13253","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1155-5645","1460-9592"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1155-5645","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-9592","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,13]]}}}