{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T04:08:46Z","timestamp":1776139726296,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,6]],"date-time":"2018-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"departmental resources"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies have shown significant variation in the tracheobronchial angles in pediatric\u2010aged patients. The current study revisits tracheobronchial angle measurements in children using accurate computed tomography\u2010based 3\u2010dimensional images to add clarity to the understanding of tracheobronchial angles. The primary objective of the current study was to measure the right and left bronchial angle take off from the trachea using 3\u2010dimensional computed tomography\u2010based images of the air column in the tracheobronchial tree.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Computed tomography\u2010based images of 45 children younger than 8 years were reviewed. The children were evaluated during spontaneous ventilation either during natural sleep or with sedation. The right and left bronchial angles were computed between the central axes of the respective main bronchi and a vertical line passing through the central axis of the longitudinal tracheal air column. The right and left bronchial angles were compared using paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> tests, and the age dependence of the right bronchial angle and left bronchial angle difference was evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study cohort included 18 males and 27 females with an average age of 49 \u00b1 25 months. The right bronchial angle ranged from 23\u00b0 to 56\u00b0 (mean 42 \u00b1 7\u00b0), whereas left bronchial angle varied between 25\u00b0 and 68\u00b0 (mean 43 \u00b1 9\u00b0). The difference in means of 1 degree was not statistically significant (95% confidence interval of difference: \u22121\u00b0, 4\u00b0; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .282). No association was found between left and right bronchial angle difference and patient age (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u2212.019).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>According to computed tomography\u2010based 3\u2010dimensional imaging, right and left bronchial angles are virtually identical in children up to 8 years of age, and the difference between right and left bronchial angles does not vary with age in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,7]],"date-time":"2018-05-07T03:59:20Z","timestamp":1525665560000},"page":"463-467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Tracheobronchial angles in children: Three\u2010dimensional computed tomography\u2010based measurements"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0631-3959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tariq M.","family":"Wani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus OH USA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesia King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Basharat","family":"Buchh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology Memorial Hospital of South Bend South Bend IN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faris Saeed","family":"AlGhamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ravees","family":"Jan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dmitry","family":"Tumin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph D.","family":"Tobias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-195409000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198603000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/42.650878"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.176.1.1760205"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.145.2.7134436"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.149.1.6688472"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.82"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000118104.23660.F3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"21","volume-title":"The Lung","author":"Miller WS","year":"1937"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"KoblerU Von Hovarka.Sitzungsb. d. k. 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