{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:23:28Z","timestamp":1772065408969,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,13]],"date-time":"2018-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"AirLiquide Belgium"},{"name":"AirLiquide France"},{"name":"Foundation Annie Planckaert-Dewaele (Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuven)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In adults, xenon has only minimal hemodynamic side effects when compared with other anesthetics. Moreover, in preclinical experiments, xenon has been demonstrated to possess cardio\u2010 and neuroprotective properties. Altogether, the favorable hemodynamic profile combined with its potential for organ\u2010protection could render xenon an attractive option for anesthesia in children with cardiovascular compromise.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to explore safety and feasibility of sevoflurane\u2010augmented xenon anesthesia in school\u2010aged children and to assess early postoperative neurocognitive effects of xenon\u2010sevoflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia when compared to a control group that did not have anesthesia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty children aged 4\u201012\u00a0years, suffering from congenital heart disease, undergoing diagnostic or interventional cardiac catheterization were randomized to either xenon\u2010augmented sevoflurane anesthesia or sevoflurane alone. Safety was assessed by the incidence of intraprocedural hemodynamic instability and feasibility by anesthetic depth and respiratory profile. In addition, neurocognitive performance was assessed preoperatively, 2\u00a0hours after discharge from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PACU<\/jats:styled-content> and at 24\u00a0hours after anesthesia using the Amsterdam Neuropsychological Tasks system. A healthy control group of 22 age\u2010 and gender\u2010matched children not exposed to anesthesia underwent an identical neurocognitive test battery, at comparable time intervals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall hemodynamics did not differ between groups. Xenon\u2010sevoflurane anesthesia resulted in decreased intraoperative ephedrine requirements (median [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content>]) (0.00\u00a0mg\/kg [0.00\u20100.00] vs 0.00\u00a0mg\/kg [0.00\u20100.01], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.047). Only neurocognitive tests in the domain of alertness were significantly impaired 2\u00a0hours postoperatively in both anesthesia groups in comparison with the control group (alertness variability: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02, odds ratio 5.8), but recovered at 24\u00a0hours. For working memory, inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and motor coordination tasks, no significant interaction effects of anesthesia were found in the early postoperative period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this pilot trial, xenon\u2010augmented sevoflurane anesthesia in school\u2010aged children was feasible<jats:styled-content>,<\/jats:styled-content> and associated with decreased ephedrine requirements. All children exposed to anesthesia showed impaired neurocognitive performance in the immediate postoperative period when compared to control children; however, without significant differences between both treatment groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,13]],"date-time":"2018-07-13T15:33:33Z","timestamp":1531496013000},"page":"726-738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The effect of xenon\u2010augmented sevoflurane anesthesia on intraoperative hemodynamics and early postoperative neurocognitive function in children undergoing cardiac catheterization: A randomized controlled pilot trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0931-7891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Devroe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jurgen","family":"Lemiere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Paediatric Haemato\u2010Oncology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Van Hese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Gewillig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derize","family":"Boshoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koen","family":"Poesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Van de Velde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Rex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology University Hospitals 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