{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T03:26:50Z","timestamp":1772767610825,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]],"date-time":"2018-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sevoflurane pharmacokinetics have been traditionally described using physiological models, while pharmacodynamics employed the use of minimal alveolar concentration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The integrated pharmacokinetic\u2010pharmacodynamic relationship of sevoflurane in both adults and children was reviewed using compartment models. We wished to delineate age\u2010related changes in both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The bispectral index and sevoflurane endtidal concentration were continuously measured in 50 patients, aged 3\u201071\u00a0years, scheduled for minor surgery. During maintenance of anesthesia and after stable bispectral index values of 60\u201065 were obtained, the inspired concentration of sevoflurane was increased to 5 vol % for 5\u00a0minutes or until BIS 40 and then decreased. Data were analyzed using mammillary compartments with nonlinear mixed effects population modeling. The covariate effects of age and size were investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A three\u2010compartment PK model adequately described sevoflurane pharmacokinetics. Size standardization using allometry explained clearance and volume changes with age. The equilibration half\u2010time (1.48\u00a0minutes) increased with age, but could be predicted using allometry in those under 40\u00a0years. The effect site concentration eliciting half the maximum response at age 40\u00a0years was 1.3% (95%CI 1.22, 1.42) decreased with age from 1.6% at 3\u00a0years to 1.1% at 70\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pharmacokinetic compartment models offer an alternative method to describe inhalation anesthetic drug disposition and effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,17]],"date-time":"2018-08-17T07:44:50Z","timestamp":1534491890000},"page":"834-840","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Modeling the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sevoflurane using compartment models in children and adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8544-8768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Ignacio","family":"Cort\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division Anestesiologia Escuela de Medicina Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Santiago de Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2826-3019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian J.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology University of Auckland Auckland New 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