{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T10:19:26Z","timestamp":1782296366542,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]],"date-time":"2018-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018J01246"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018J01246"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dexmedetomidine can prolong the duration of action of a local anesthetic agent, but the route of administration that is the most beneficial remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical effectiveness of caudal or intravenous dexmedetomidine administration on postoperative analgesia in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair given caudal levobupivacaine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a prospective, randomized, double\u2010blinded, placebo\u2010controlled trial. Ninety <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASA<\/jats:styled-content> I subjects, aged 2\u20105\u00a0year, undergoing unilateral inguinal hernia repair were enrolled. The children were randomized in a double\u2010blind fashion to three groups. The L\u2010Dcau group received 1\u00a0mL\/kg of caudal 0.25% levobupivacaine plus 1\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg dexmedetomidine and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content> 20\u00a0mL saline. The L\u2010Div group received 1\u00a0mL\/kg of caudal 0.25% levobupivacaine and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content> 1\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg dexmedetomidine in 20\u00a0mL saline. The L group received 1\u00a0mL\/kg of caudal 0.25% levobupivacaine and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content> 20\u00a0mL saline. The primary outcome was the duration of analgesia, which was defined as the time from the caudal block to a Postoperative Pain Scale (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHIPPS<\/jats:styled-content>) score \u22654. Secondary outcomes were the number of patients requiring rescue analgesia, pain intensity, the incidence of emergence agitation, intraoperative hemodynamic variations, residual motor block, and adverse effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The median duration of analgesia in the L\u2010Dcau group was 14.2\u00a0hour compared to 6\u00a0hour in the L group with a median difference of 8.5\u00a0hour [95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> (6.5, 10.5), <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001]. The median duration of analgesia in the L\u2010Div group was 12.4\u00a0hour compared to 6\u00a0hour in the L group with a median difference of 6.4\u00a0hour [95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> (4, 8.5), <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001]. Fewer patients in the L\u2010Dcau and L\u2010Div groups required rescue analgesia in the first 24\u00a0hour postoperatively compared to the L group, although there was no significant difference between the L\u2010Dcau and L\u2010Div groups for these outcomes. Both dexmedetomidine routes reduced the pain and the incidence of emergence agitation. No bradycardia, hypotension, or motor block was observed in any of the three groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Caudal and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content> dexmedetomidine similarly prolong the duration of analgesia produced by caudal levobupivacaine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,10]],"date-time":"2018-10-10T05:28:34Z","timestamp":1539149314000},"page":"888-896","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Caudal and intravenous dexmedetomidine similarly prolong the duration of caudal analgesia in children: A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8488-8876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusheng","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology The Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University &amp; Fujian Provincial Hospital Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Nursing Fujian Provincial Hospital Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhua","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology The Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University &amp; Fujian Provincial Hospital Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6483-6697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaochun","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology The Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University &amp; Fujian Provincial Hospital Fuzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Fujian Provincial Emergency Center Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2011.03669.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000372"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002453"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aep159"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X1404200211"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aev226"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2000.00530.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200405000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13348"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03019476"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.23736\/S0375-9393.18.12523-5","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine as an adjunct for caudal anaesthesia and analgesia in children: a review","volume":"84","author":"Trifa M","year":"2018","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aes385"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2006.00919.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9185.83678"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0265021507003079"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13116"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-016-0201-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-017-0212-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-017-0507-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12278"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fpan.13469","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pan.13469","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,16]],"date-time":"2023-09-16T17:33:24Z","timestamp":1694885604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pan.13469"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pan.13469"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pan.13469","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1155-5645","1460-9592"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1155-5645","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-9592","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-04-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-07-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-10-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}