{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T05:20:02Z","timestamp":1788067202990,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,27]],"date-time":"2019-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of high fraction of inspired oxygen (F<jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) can cause direct pulmonary toxicity and pulmonary complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different F<jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> on development of intraoperative atelectasis in mechanically ventilated children using lung ultrasound.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this randomized controlled, patient\u2010 and sonographer\u2010blinded trial, 86 children (\u22646\u00a0years) undergoing noncardiac surgery were allocated into a low (n\u00a0=\u00a043) or high (n\u00a0=\u00a043) F<jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> group. The low F<jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> group consistently received 30% air\u2010oxygen mixture during preoxygenation, ultrasound\u2010guided recruitment maneuver, and mechanical ventilation. The high F<jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> group received 100% oxygen during preoxygenation and ultrasound\u2010guided recruitment maneuver and 60% air\u2010oxygen mixture during mechanical ventilation. Positive end\u2010expiratory pressure of 5\u00a0cm H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O was applied in both groups. Lung ultrasound was performed one minute after the start of mechanical ventilation and at the end of surgery in both groups. Primary outcome was significant atelectasis incidence (consolidation score of \u22652 in any region) on the postoperative lung ultrasound. Secondary outcomes included significant atelectasis incidence on the preoperative lung ultrasound, incidences of intra\u2010 and postoperative desaturation, and incidences of postoperative fever and postoperative pulmonary complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant atelectasis incidence on the postoperative lung ultrasound was similar between the low and high F<jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> groups (28% vs 37%; Pearson chi\u2010square value\u00a0=\u00a00.847; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.357; OR 1.531; 95% CI 0.617\u20103.800). Significant atelectasis incidence on the preoperative lung ultrasound was also similar between the groups (12% vs 9%; Pearson chi\u2010square value\u00a0=\u00a00.124; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.725; OR 0.779; 95% CI 0.194\u20103.125). There were no statistically significant differences in the other secondary outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>F<jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> did not affect significant atelectasis formation in mechanically ventilated children who received ultrasound\u2010guided recruitment maneuver and positive end\u2010expiratory pressure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,14]],"date-time":"2019-08-14T09:43:56Z","timestamp":1565775836000},"page":"1033-1039","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Effect of different fraction of inspired oxygen on development of atelectasis in mechanically ventilated children: A randomized controlled 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Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun\u2010Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain medicine Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seokha","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain medicine Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2661-7944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hee\u2010Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul 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