{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:28:17Z","timestamp":1760956097686,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Balloon\u2010tipped bronchial blocker catheters are widely used in pediatric thoracic anesthesia to establish single\u2010lung ventilation. In clinical practice, their balloons demonstrate sudden expansion when inflated with air. In addition, there are concerns related to the high inflation pressures required to expand the balloons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This in vitro study assessed inflation volume\u2010 and inflation pressure\u2010balloon diameter characteristics of the Fogarty arterial embolectomy catheters and Arndt endobronchial blockers. Balloon diameters were photographically assessed during unrestricted volume\u2010 and pressure\u2010guided inflation, using air up to the maximum allowed inflation volume as indicated by the manufacturers. Inflation pressures required to open the blocker balloons and inflation pressures needed to expand them to maximum indicated diameter were measured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Volume\u2010guided inflation demonstrated a late acute rise in diameter in Fogarty blocker balloons, whereas in the Arndt endobronchial blocker balloons almost linear inflation volume\u2010to\u2010diameter characteristics were observed. Pressure\u2010guided inflation on the other hand demonstrated low\u2010volume, high\u2010pressure characteristics in the Fogarty blocker balloons, with inflation pressures required to expand the balloons to maximum diameters ranging from (mean (SD)) 636 (75) to 947 (152) cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O. The inflation pressures required to open the Fogarty blocker balloons were even &gt;1000\u00a0cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O. Inflation pressures required to expand the 5 F, 7 F, and 9 F Arndt endobronchial blocker balloons to maximum indicated diameter were much lower, namely at 218 (15), 252 (28), and 163 (8) cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on these study findings, the balloons of Fogarty arterial embolectomy catheters represent high\u2010pressure devices and do not permit stepwise controlled bronchial blockage. The Arndt endobronchial blockers have some advantages over the Fogarty blocker devices, but also represent high\u2010pressure equipment and must be used with caution and limited duration. Manufacturers are asked to design pediatric endobronchial blocker catheters with truly high\u2010volume, low\u2010pressure balloons in accordance to age\u2010related pediatric airway dimensions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.14123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T13:40:15Z","timestamp":1610113215000},"page":"474-481","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Inflation volume\u2010balloon diameter and inflation pressure\u2010balloon diameter characteristics of commonly used bronchial blocker balloons for single\u2010lung ventilation in children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0688-9296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Goetschi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia University Children\u2019s Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kemper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia University Children\u2019s Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology RWTH Aachen University Hospital Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5595-8529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maren","family":"Kleine\u2010Brueggeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia University Children\u2019s Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mital H.","family":"Dave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia University Children\u2019s Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5822-9591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia University Children\u2019s Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-199912000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjaed\/mkw047"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X0203000512"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2002.00818.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2010.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12882"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2004.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03021821"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001503-200502000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13973"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13210"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew120"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.288.6422.965"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-199808000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(88)90321-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"671","article-title":"Balloon embolectomy catheters in small arteries. 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