{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T22:20:57Z","timestamp":1785795657264,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant Number 19lk0201061h0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant Number 19lk0201061h0004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008883","name":"Nagoya City University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant Number 1913027, 2013033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant Number 1913027, 2013033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008883","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Worldwide, pediatric sedation for magnetic resonance imaging is a standard practice; however, there are few studies on its trends and patterns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the trends and patterns of pediatric sedation for magnetic resonance imaging in Japan and determine the incidence of and risk factors for adverse events\/interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This longitudinal descriptive study assessed children (age\u00a0&lt;\u00a015\u00a0years) who underwent sedation for magnetic resonance imaging between April 2012 and December 2019 in Japan using a nationwide claims database. We assessed the patients' demographic characteristics, time trends in sedatives, sedative patterns by age, and adverse events\/interventions within two post\u2010sedation days. Further, we used multivariable logistic regression models to explore factors related to the incidence of adverse events\/interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 29\u2009187 cases (median age, 2.0\u00a0years; 55.2% males). The most common sedative was triclofos sodium (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a018\u2009812, 51.7%). There was an increasing trend in barbiturate use (17.0% [2012] to 25.0% [2019]) and decreasing trends in the use of triclofos sodium (56.4% [2012] to 47.7% [2019]) and chloral hydrate (15.6% [2012] to 10.8% [2019]). We identified 534 adverse events\/interventions in 460 cases (1.5%). Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that the incidence of adverse events\/interventions mainly increased with the number of sedatives (\u22653; adjusted odds ratio, 5.10; 95% confidence interval, 3.67\u20137.10) and unscheduled setting (adjusted odds ratio, 6.28; 95% confidence interval, 4.85\u20138.61); further, it decreased with high hospital procedure volume (adjusted odds ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.49\u20130.78).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on a Japanese real\u2010world setting, there is an increasing trend in barbiturate use and decreasing trends in the use of triclofos sodium and chloral hydrate in pediatric sedation for magnetic resonance imaging. Low hospital procedure volumes were associated with an increased risk of adverse events\/interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.14396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]],"date-time":"2022-01-17T16:43:51Z","timestamp":1642437831000},"page":"673-684","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Trends and patterns in the practice of pediatric sedation for magnetic resonance imaging in Japan: A longitudinal descriptive study from 2012 to 2019"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7933-0026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Tsuji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya City University  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izumi","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki University  Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Kamimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya City University  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruko","family":"Ota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya City University  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chikashi","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesia Kyoto University Hospital  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuya","family":"Sobue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya City University  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7477-4071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koji","family":"Kawakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2011.03617.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0145"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2012.03743.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bja.a013586"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-1000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"1172","article-title":"Recommendations on pediatric sedation for MRI examinations [in Japanese]","volume":"117","author":"Japan Pediatric Society","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Jpn Pediatr Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"OECD.Health at a Glance.2019.https:\/\/www.oecd\u2010ilibrary.org\/social\u2010issues\u2010migration\u2010health\/health\u2010at\u2010a\u2010glance\u20102019_4dd50c09\u2010en. Accessed November 20 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"1167","article-title":"A survey on sedation management for pediatric patients undergoing MRI [in Japanese]","volume":"117","author":"Katsumori H","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Jpn Pediatr Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.13371"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181577511"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"JMDC.Features of JMDC Claims Database.2020. Accessed November 20 2021.https:\/\/www.jmdc.co.jp\/en\/jmdc\u2010claims\u2010database"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgf2.422"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.ICD\u201010: international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems: tenth revision 2nd ed.2004. Accessed November 20 2021.https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/42980"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.7346"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-019-0897-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200404000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2001.00688.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4416"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","unstructured":"Japanese Society of Anesthesiologists.Pediatric anesthetics.2019. Accessed November 20 2021.https:\/\/anesth.or.jp\/files\/pdf\/pediatric_anesthetics_20190905.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0313"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-3559"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.14225"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2020.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.92.3.471"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.3.e42"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.4.633"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.14331"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2017.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10140-015-1336-3"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pan.14396","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/pan.14396","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pan.14396","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T04:16:23Z","timestamp":1692850583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pan.14396"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Joseph","family":"Cravero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pan.14396"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pan.14396","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1155-5645","1460-9592"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1155-5645","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-9592","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-02-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-03-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}