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We evaluate the societal changes that have affected children over 2\u2009years of the pandemic and the subsequent soaring rates of anxiety and depression reported. Unfortunately, the perioperative setting is a stressful experience at baseline and the addition of COVID\u201019 has only exacerbated the situation. Anxiety and depression are often linked to maladaptive behavior post\u2010surgery, including increased rates of emergence delirium. Providers can utilize techniques based on developmental milestones, Certified Child Life Specialists, parental presence during induction, and medications to reduce anxiety. As health care workers, we need to recognize and address these concerns as untreated mental health issues can leave long\u2010term consequences for children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.14656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T13:44:21Z","timestamp":1678110261000},"page":"422-426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Anxiety in children: A review on how to address it in the perioperative setting post\u2010pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Chaitanya","family":"Challa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's National Hospital Ringgold Standard Institution \u2013 Anesthesiology, Pain &amp; Preoperative Medicine  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0692-8371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuliana","family":"Geng\u2010Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's National Hospital Ringgold Standard Institution \u2013 Anesthesiology, Pain &amp; Preoperative Medicine  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's National Hospital Ringgold Standard Institution \u2013 Anesthesiology, Pain &amp; Preoperative Medicine  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taytum","family":"Orshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's National Hospital Ringgold Standard Institution \u2013 Anesthesiology, Pain &amp; Preoperative Medicine  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Thackeray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's National Hospital Ringgold Standard Institution \u2013 Anesthesiology, Pain &amp; Preoperative Medicine  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5445-9330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pooja","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's National Hospital Ringgold Standard Institution \u2013 Anesthesiology, Pain &amp; Preoperative Medicine  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.2482"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"Protecting Youth Mental Health: The U.S. Surgeon General's Advisory.Office of the Surgeon General.2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02673843.2019.1590851"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-051507"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1996.02170370016002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-195401000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/18.4.481"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06947-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.687292"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2005.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2850.2007.00072.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"COVID\u201019 Child Life Staffing and Programming Changes.Associationofchildlifeprofessionals.org. 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