{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T04:37:47Z","timestamp":1784608667929,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Peripherally measured oxygen saturation (\n \n SpO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ) may often differ from arterial oxygen saturation (\n \n SaO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ), measured by co\u2010oximetry, especially within the lower range of oxygen saturations. This can potentially impact clinical decisions and therapy in children with congenital heart disease, as critical hypoxemia might remain unnoticed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims<\/jats:title>\n \n Our aim was to investigate the accuracy of two different pulse oximeters compared to SaO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n in infants with congenital heart diseases.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Simultaneous recordings of SpO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , measured by two different pulse oximeters (Philips IntelliVue X3 Monitor and Nellcor\u2122 OxiMax\u2122), were compared to SaO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n obtained by arterial blood gas analysis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 153 measurements were performed in 44 infants with arterial oxygen saturation between 70 and 100%. We divided the measurements into 3 subgroups: group 1\u2014SaO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n 70.0%\u201385.0%, group 2\u2014SaO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n 85.1%\u201394.0%, group 3\u2014SaO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n >94.1%. For Philipps, the median bias was 5.3 (IQR: 2.6\u20138.7) %, 2.3 (IQR: 0.9\u20136.0) % and 1.1 (IQR: \u22120.8\u20132.4) % in group 1, 2 and 3, respectively. For OxiMax\u2122, the median bias was 2.7 (IQR: 0.5\u20135.1) %, 0.2 (IQR: \u22120.9\u20132.6) % and \u22120.5 (IQR: \u22121.3\u20130.6) % in group 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Regarding the accuracy of these oximeters, as evaluated with the Accuracy root mean squared index (Arms), it was 9.8 versus 4.5% in group 1, 4.5 versus 2.9% in group 2 and 2.4 versus 1.9% in group 3 for Philipps and OxiMax\u2122, respectively.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n In lower range saturations between 70% and 85% the accuracy of both pulse oximeters exceeded the threshold of \u22643% recommended by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Therefore, peripheral pulse oximetry within the lower range of oxygen saturations should be interpreted with caution in infants with congenital heart diseases, taking into consideration its limitations. Direct co\u2010oximetry should be the preferred method to support clinical decisions in children with cyanotic congenital heart diseases.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.15017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T10:34:30Z","timestamp":1728038070000},"page":"1267-1274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessment of accuracy of two pulse oximeters in infants with cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart diseases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6335-0839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yordan Hristov","family":"Georgiev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Pulmonology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine University Children's Hospital T\u00fcbingen T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Neunhoeffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Pulmonology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine University Children's Hospital T\u00fcbingen T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hofbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Pulmonology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine University Children's Hospital T\u00fcbingen T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8376-4724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Michel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Pulmonology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine University Children's Hospital T\u00fcbingen T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-011-0355-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5830\/CVJA-2013-028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12705"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000000660"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-1760"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.94.2.227a"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-3127"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1053-0770(93)90120-a"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13642"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951115002188"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2150135116673016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066604263819"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e3181727967"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"International Organization of Standardization (ISO) 80601\u20132\u201061:2017.Medical electrical equipment Part 2\u201361: Particular requirements for basic safety and essential performance of pulse oximeter equipment.https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/67963.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","unstructured":"FDA: Pulse Oximeters\u2014Premarket Notification Submissions [510(k)s] Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration [Internet].https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/regulatory\u2010information\/search\u2010fda\u2010guidance\u2010documents\/pulse\u2010oximeters\u2010premarket\u2010notification\u2010submissions\u2010510ks\u2010guidance\u2010industry\u2010and\u2010food\u2010and\u2010drug."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1722978"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"Pulse Oximeter Accuracy and Limitations: FDA Safety Communication.https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical\u2010devices\/safety\u2010communications\/pulse\u2010oximeter\u2010accuracy\u2010and\u2010limitations\u2010fda\u2010safety\u2010communication"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02452-8"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pan.15017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T13:36:12Z","timestamp":1763559372000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pan.15017"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pan.15017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pan.15017","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1155-5645","1460-9592"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1155-5645","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-9592","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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