{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T08:59:36Z","timestamp":1783069176983,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006313","name":"Barncancerfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PR2020\u20100026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PR2020\u20100026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006313","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Pain in children is undertreated. An assessment scale co\u2010designed with children, parents, and health care professionals could lead to more effective pain assessments and treatment strategies aimed at reducing pain and pain\u2010related symptoms. There are analogue scales validated for self\u2010report of pain in children, but today, children regularly use digital technology, which healthcare should align with. The newly developed electronic Faces Thermometer Scale is a digital assessment scale that needs further validation before it may be recommended for self\u2010reporting pain intensity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims<\/jats:title>\n The study aimed to determine the convergent and discriminant validity of a new digital pain assessment scale in a pediatric postoperative setting.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n The study was performed at a pediatric surgery department in southern Sweden. A total of 88 children were included, generating 716 assessments. Convergent validity was established by comparing the well\u2010validated Colored Analogue Scale and Faces Pain Scale Revised with the electronic Faces Thermometer Scale. Pain assessments were conducted at three different time points: one before surgery, one once the participant became alert and aware, and one 30\u201345\u2009min after the second time point. A\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Discriminant validity was established by comparing a potential non\u2010painful situation with a painful situation using the electronic Faces Thermometer Scale.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The agreement between the scales at different time points, as well as across different ages and gender, showed a statistically significant correlation: Kendall's Tau\n B<\/jats:italic>\n correlation coefficient varied between 0.61 and 0.79 at different time points. The electronic Faces Thermometer Scale was able to discriminate pain across different age groups and genders. There was a statistically significant difference between pre\u2010 and postoperative assessments, and the Clopper\u2013Pearson proportion ranged from 0.70 to 0.90.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The electronic Faces Thermometer Scale provides a valid digital scale for self\u2010report of pain within pediatric postoperative care.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.70056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T11:18:32Z","timestamp":1758539912000},"page":"1029-1036","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Electronic Faces Thermometer Scale (\n eFTS<\/scp>\n )\u2014Construct Validity for Pain Assessment in Pediatric Postoperative Care in Sweden"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9453-6069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelica","family":"H\u00f6\u00f6k","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"University of Gothenburg Centre for Person\u2010Centred Care (GPCC), Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mia","family":"Hyl\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive and Perioperative Care Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital Malm\u00f6 Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Lund University Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Bj\u00f6rk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The CHILD Research Group, Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping University J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8847-9559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"University of Gothenburg Centre for Person\u2010Centred Care (GPCC), Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Queen Silvia Children's Hospital Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinbing","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Berlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology Malm\u00f6 University Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Hansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gudr\u00fan","family":"Kristj\u00e1nsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, School of Health Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland"},{"name":"Hringur Children's Hospital Landspitali University Hospital Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rikard","family":"Roxner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology Malm\u00f6 University Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pernilla","family":"Stenstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital Lund University Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Lund University Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Castor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg Centre for Person\u2010Centred Care (GPCC), Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Lund University Lund Sweden"},{"name":"The Institute for Palliative Care Lund University, Region Sk\u00e5ne Lund 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