{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T05:46:39Z","timestamp":1768974399196,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,8]],"date-time":"2013-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1365379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pain Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 2% lignocaine gel has long been used for male urethral catheterization, but aqueous gel as lubricant has been used for females. However, studies report that females experience pain during urethral catheterization. We compared the effectiveness of 2% lignocaine gel (intervention) and aqueous gel (control) for female urethral catheterization in reducing procedural pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A double\u2010blinded, randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted from November 2011 to April 2012 in an acute care hospital in Singapore. In total, 52 adult female inpatients (26 interventions vs. 26 controls) requiring urethral catheterization were included in the study. The intervention included patients receiving 2% lignocaine gel as a lubricant for urethral catheterization. Patients' pre\u2010 and postprocedural visual analog scale (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAS<\/jats:styled-content>) were collected prospectively and nonparametric tests were used for data analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a significant reduction from the preprocedure pain score (Median\u00a0=\u00a022.0\u00a0mm) to the postprocedural pain score (Median\u00a0=\u00a06.6\u00a0mm) in the 2% lignocaine group (Z\u00a0=\u00a0\u22123.8, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), but not in the aqueous gel group (pre vs. post: 16.5\u00a0mm vs. 18.2\u00a0mm; Z\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.36, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.716). Subjects using 2% lignocaine gel had significantly more reduction in the postprocedural pain score than the aqueous gel group (U\u00a0=\u00a0209.5, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.019).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 2% lignocaine gel significantly reduces the procedural pain of female urethral catheterization as compared with aqueous gel. This study provides evidence for the hospital to change the current practice in the hope of reducing procedural pain for female patients during urethral catheterization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,8]],"date-time":"2013-04-08T08:09:19Z","timestamp":1365408559000},"page":"140-145","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["A Randomized Controlled Study to Compare the 2% Lignocaine and Aqueous Lubricating Gels for Female Urethral Catheterization"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Moon Fai","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong Yun","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li Yuen Geraldine","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li Ling Emily","family":"Ang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lay Hoon Linda","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wai May","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mui Choo Yvonne Gwendoline","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beverley Joan","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences School of Nursing and Midwifery Monash University Gippsland campus Churchill Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.1999.8.2.6709"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/ns2005.11.20.8.41.c3992"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"738","article-title":"An issue of sensitivity: use of analgesic gel in catheterising women","volume":"8","author":"Courcy\u2010Ireland K","year":"1993","journal-title":"Prof Nurse."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2005.14.19.19945"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"134","volume-title":"Infection Control. 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