{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T09:46:26Z","timestamp":1772012786706,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,13]],"date-time":"2013-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1368403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pain Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>Evidence suggests tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha (TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1) mediates, at least in part, symptoms and signs in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS<\/jats:styled-content>). Here, we present a case series of patients with CRPS<\/jats:styled-content> type 1, in whom the response to the anti\u2010TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 adalimumab was assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Ten patients with CRPS<\/jats:styled-content> type 1 were recruited. Assessments were performed before treatment, at 1\u00a0week, and 1, 3, and 6\u00a0months following 3 biweekly subcutaneous injections (40\u00a0mg\/0.8\u00a0mL) adalimumab (Humira\u00ae<\/jats:sup>) and included the followings: Pain intensity using a 0\u201310\u00a0cm visual analog scale; the Short Form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire; the Beck Depression Inventory; the SF<\/jats:styled-content>\u201036 questionnaire and mechanical and thermal thresholds (Von frey hair and Thermal Sensory Analyzer, respectively). In addition to the description of individual patient responses, both intention to treat (ITT<\/jats:styled-content>) and per\u2010protocol (PP<\/jats:styled-content>) analyses were performed for the entire group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Three subgroups of patients were identified (3 patients in each): \u201cnonresponders\u201d, \u201cpartial responders\u201d, and \u201crobust responders\u201d in whom improvement in almost all parameters was noted. Both the ITT<\/jats:styled-content> and PP<\/jats:styled-content> analyses demonstrated only a trend toward improvement in mechanical pain thresholds following treatment (ITT<\/jats:styled-content> \u03c7\u00b2\u00a0=\u00a013.83, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.008; PP<\/jats:styled-content> \u03c7\u00b2\u00a0=\u00a010.29, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.036).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>These results suggest adalimumab, and possibly other anti\u2010TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1, can be potentially useful in some (although not in all) patients with CRPS<\/jats:styled-content> type 1. These preliminary results along with the growing body of evidence which points to the involvement of TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 in the pathogenesis of CRPS<\/jats:styled-content> justify further studies in this area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,14]],"date-time":"2013-05-14T04:58:05Z","timestamp":1368507485000},"page":"649-656","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Anti tumor Necrosis Factor \u2010 Alpha Adalimumab for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1 (CRPS\u2010I): A Case Series"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Elon","family":"Eisenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion, Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel"},{"name":"Institute of Pain Medicine Rambam Health Care Campus Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ifat","family":"Sandler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pain Medicine Rambam Health Care Campus Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roi","family":"Treister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pain Medicine Rambam Health Care Campus Haifa Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences University of Haifa Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Suzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion, Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"May","family":"Haddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pain Medicine Rambam Health Care Campus Haifa Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences University 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Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09629350210307"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/469439"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2007.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.09.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000168866.62086.8f"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31822efe30"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2003.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000278867.24601.a0"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii70","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.suppl_2.ii70","article-title":"Adalimumab 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