{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T04:28:05Z","timestamp":1783830485366,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,11]],"date-time":"2014-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Special Research Fund of Ghent University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pain Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pain facilitation as well as pain inhibition might be present in chronic pain patients. A decreased efficacy of pain inhibition can be measured by conditioned pain modulation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPM<\/jats:styled-content>). The use of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPM<\/jats:styled-content> paradigm in scientific research has boosted over the last few years and is recognized for its high clinical relevance in chronic pain patients. It is, however, unclear whether the presence of pain and possible modulations of pain influences the efficacy of endogenous pain inhibition, measured by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPM<\/jats:styled-content>. This systematic literature study aimed to provide an overview of the effects of clinical pain and experimental pain induction or pain reduction on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPM<\/jats:styled-content> in adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases \u201cPubmed\u201d and \u201cWeb of Science\u201d. Only full texts of original studies regarding the effect of clinical pain and experimentally induced pain and pain reduction on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPM<\/jats:styled-content> in adults were included. The included articles were scored on methodological quality and through a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPM<\/jats:styled-content> paradigm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twelve articles of good to moderate quality were included in this review. Some pain inhibitory medication and oral contraceptives inhibit the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPM<\/jats:styled-content> mechanism. Removing chronic pain by surgery results in an improved <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPM<\/jats:styled-content> response. This effect is not observed when removing acute pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analgesic medication and oral contraceptives might inhibit the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPM<\/jats:styled-content> response, whereas there is limited evidence that pain\u2010relieving surgery improves <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPM<\/jats:styled-content> in chronic pain patients. However, the results merely suggest that decreased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPM<\/jats:styled-content> values (as in chronic pain patients) can improve after elimination of pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,18]],"date-time":"2014-11-18T11:13:10Z","timestamp":1416309190000},"page":"765-777","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Effect of Pain Induction or Pain Reduction on Conditioned Pain Modulation in Adults: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Dorien","family":"Goubert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Ghent University Ghent Belgium"},{"name":"Pain in Motion Research Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lieven","family":"Danneels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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