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It may be assumed that other psychological characteristics also play a role in the CPM response. The neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine are involved both in CPM, as well as personality traits such as harm avoidance (HA), novelty seeking (NS), and reward dependence (RD), which can be obtained by the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ). However, the associations between these traits (HA, NS, and RD) with endogenous analgesia revealed by CPM have not yet been explored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Healthy middle\u2010age subjects (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a028) completed the TPQ, Spielberger's State Anxiety Inventory, and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale and were assessed for CPM paradigms using thermal phasic temporal summation as the \u201ctest stimulus\u201d and hand immersion into hot water bath (CPM <jats:italic>water<\/jats:italic>) or contact heat (CPM <jats:italic>contact<\/jats:italic>) for \u201cconditioning stimulus.\u201d<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher levels of HA were associated with less\u2010efficient CPM responses obtained by both paradigms: CPM <jats:italic>water<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.418, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.027) and CPM <jats:italic>contact<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.374, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.050). However, NS and RD were not associated with the other measurements. No significant relationship was observed between state anxiety and pain catastrophizing levels and the CPM responses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The relationship between the capacity of endogenous analgesia and the tendency to avoid aversive experience can be explained by mutual mechanisms involving similar neurotransmitters or brain areas. These findings illuminate the key role of harm avoidance obtained by the TPQ in determining the characteristics of pain modulation profile.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,29]],"date-time":"2014-10-29T12:17:36Z","timestamp":1414585056000},"page":"38-45","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Relationship between Personality Traits and Endogenous Analgesia: The Role of Harm Avoidance"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hadas","family":"Nahman\u2010Averbuch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Yarnitsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion \u2013 Israel 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