{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T15:42:07Z","timestamp":1762875727763},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]],"date-time":"2015-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pain Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Smokers with fibromyalgia have greater pain intensity and function impairment compared to nonsmokers. Patients\u2019 perceptions of interactions between smoking and fibromyalgia symptoms have not been described. The primary aim of this study was to report the perceptions of female smokers with fibromyalgia on how smoking affects symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010eight daily smokers with fibromyalgia enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Fibromyalgia Treatment Center completed the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, Patient Health Questionnaire\u20109, General Anxiety Disorder\u20107 and a Fibromyalgia Symptoms and Smoking Survey which queried how smoking directly affected fibromyalgia symptoms (eg, pain, tiredness\/fatigue, stiffness, nervousness\/anxiety, depression\/blueness, irritability, concentration, and overall) or indirectly as a coping mechanism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority of subjects reported smoking had no direct effect on fibromyalgia physical symptoms (pain [60% reported no effect], fatigue [56%], stiffness [81%]) but direct improvement of emotional symptoms (anxiety [62% reported improvement], irritability [64%]). The majority of subjects used smoking to cope with pain (69%) via distraction (83%) and relaxation (77%), lessening emotional distress by reducing a sense of frustration (83%) or sadness (54%) because of pain, and as a justification for resting vis\u2010\u00e0\u2010vis \u201csmoke breaks\u201d (69%). Thirty\u2010one smokers were mildly and 17 moderately\/severely dependent on tobacco, and no difference in fibromyalgia impact score (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.70), pain (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.39), depression (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.20), and anxiety (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.64) scores were detected, but more moderately\/severely dependent subjects reported smoking improved pain (50% vs. 17%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Smokers with fibromyalgia reported smoking helped to cope with fibromyalgia pain but generally did not directly ameliorate fibromyalgia physical symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]],"date-time":"2015-11-25T09:39:10Z","timestamp":1448444350000},"page":"1054-1063","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Perception of Female Smokers with Fibromyalgia on the Effects of Smoking on Fibromyalgia Symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Toby N.","family":"Weingarten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Vincent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Internal Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Connie A.","family":"Luedtke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain Rehabilitation Center Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Beebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Services Research Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tasha L.","family":"Welch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa Y.","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Medical School Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darrell R.","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Services Research Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David O.","family":"Warner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota 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