{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T13:50:44Z","timestamp":1787579444003,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,8]],"date-time":"2016-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1457395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pain Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tarlov or perineural cysts (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TC<\/jats:styled-content>) are commonly overlooked as a cause of sacral and ischial pain, and urogenital and bowel problems. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TC<\/jats:styled-content> can be seen on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>, but are often considered asymptomatic. This is especially true for smaller cysts. Moreover, there are only few diagnostic characteristics that can be used to confirm that the cysts are the cause of the symptoms. As a consequence, a lot of controversy remains regarding the clinical importance of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TC<\/jats:styled-content>. Because of this underdiagnosed condition, patients often suffer for several years from unrecognized chronic neuropathic pain and neurological conditions. In this article, case reports of three patients with giant and smaller symptomatic sacral cysts are presented, in which electromyographic testing was performed to demonstrate nerve damage.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We suggest that electromyography of the sacral nerve roots can be a reasonable tool for the diagnosis of symptomatic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TC<\/jats:styled-content>, as well as for the differentiation from other pathological entities causing sacral and ischial pain. Moreover, using electromyography it was also documented that smaller cysts of &lt; 1 cm can cause nerve damage. Therefore incidence of symptomatic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TC<\/jats:styled-content> may be higher than initially thought.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,8]],"date-time":"2016-03-08T06:48:12Z","timestamp":1457419692000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Electromyographic Abnormalities Associated with Symptomatic Sacral Tarlov Cysts"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mieke","family":"Hulens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Unit Department of Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences University of Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frans","family":"Bruyninckx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Electromyography Laboratory University Hospitals Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"Dankaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Unit Department of Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences University of Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greet","family":"Vansant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Primary Health Care Public Health Nutrition University of Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter A.","family":"De Mulder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pain Therapy Imelda Hospital Bonheiden Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"88","article-title":"Cysts (perineurial) of the sacral nerve roots: 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