{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T10:49:53Z","timestamp":1761562193262},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,27]],"date-time":"2017-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pain Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The development and implementation of a pharmacist\u2010led patient\u2010controlled analgesia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCA<\/jats:styled-content>) dosing service in a large academic institution are described.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>To improve pain management at our institution and expand pharmacy clinical services, a pharmacist\u2010led <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCA<\/jats:styled-content> dosing service was developed and implemented. The service is modeled after established antimicrobial and anticoagulation dosing services at our institution. A core group of pharmacists (service leaders) and a pain physician champion developed a policy and guideline and designed electronic medical record (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMR<\/jats:styled-content>) tools to support the service. Pharmacists were trained by the service leaders to manage acute pain with fentanyl, hydromorphone, or morphine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCA<\/jats:styled-content> therapy. Cultural and operational barriers to service implementation were identified and resolved.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>After implementation of the pharmacist\u2010led <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCA<\/jats:styled-content> dosing service, pharmacists at our institution provide <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCA<\/jats:styled-content> pain management services as part of our pharmacy department's standard practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,9]],"date-time":"2017-01-09T08:08:37Z","timestamp":1483949317000},"page":"990-998","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Implementation of a Pharmacist\u2010Led Patient\u2010Controlled Analgesia Dosing Service"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Alen L.","family":"Dezia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Services Beaumont Health Royal Oak Michigan U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim D.","family":"Baccus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Services Beaumont Health Royal Oak Michigan U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allycia M.","family":"Natavio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Services Beaumont Health Royal Oak Michigan U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Detroit Michigan U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean M.","family":"Conroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Beaumont Health Troy Michigan U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Levi M.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Services Beaumont Health Royal Oak Michigan U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Detroit Michigan U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine Rochester Michigan U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Use of Opioids for the Treatment of Chronic Pain","author":"American Academy of Pain Medicine","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"American Academy of Pain Medicine.AAPM Facts and Figures on Pain.http:\/\/www.painmed.org\/patientcenter\/facts_on_pain.aspx(accessed May 9 2015)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"Interdisciplinary Pain Management","author":"Turk DC","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607114551025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp110015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp140176"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2011.03601.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp120751"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"San Diego Patient Safety Council.Tool Kit. 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