{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T11:26:59Z","timestamp":1696332419368},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]],"date-time":"2018-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pain Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the effectiveness of opioids and\/or pregabalin on patient\u2010reported outcomes among fibromyalgia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FM<\/jats:styled-content>) patients based on levels of improvement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1,421 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FM<\/jats:styled-content> patients were identified, with 3,082 observational periods of opioids with or without pregabalin use between April 2008 and February 2015. Patients were categorized by opioids, and pregabalin with and without opioids; opioids were designated by morphine equivalent dose (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MED<\/jats:styled-content>) of \u2264\u00a020 (low <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MED<\/jats:styled-content>), &gt;\u00a020 to &lt;\u00a0100 (moderate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MED<\/jats:styled-content>), \u2265\u00a0100 (high <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MED<\/jats:styled-content>), and pregabalin doses of \u2264\u00a0150\u00a0mg, 151 to 300\u00a0mg, and 301 to 450\u00a0mg. Proportions of patients meeting clinically relevant thresholds of \u2265\u00a030% and \u2265\u00a050% improvement for pain interference (ability to enjoy life; activity; mood; relationships; sleep), pain severity, and fatigue were compared among treatments, and area under the curve (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content>) for improvement and worsening of effects was determined, enabling ranking of treatments. Further analysis compared pregabalin doses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pregabalin without opioids resulted in the highest proportions of patients with \u2265\u00a030% improvement on all pain items and pain interference with \u201cability to enjoy life,\u201d \u201cactivity\u201d \u201cmood,\u201d and \u201csleep.\u201d For the \u2265\u00a050% threshold, pregabalin alone was highest for all pain interference items and for \u201caverage pain\u201d and \u201cworst pain.\u201d Pregabalin was consistently lowest across thresholds for fatigue, but showed better results combined with moderate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MED<\/jats:styled-content> opioids. Pregabalin doses recommended for treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FM<\/jats:styled-content> (151 to 450\u00a0mg) generally resulted in the highest proportion of patients achieving thresholds relative to opioids. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content> results were consistent with thresholds; pregabalin without opioids resulted in the greatest benefits with regard to improvement, with the highest ranking for overall improvement and overall effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pregabalin without opioids provided the most favorable outcomes overall based on \u2265\u00a030% and \u2265\u00a050% improvement thresholds and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content>, with support for moderate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MED<\/jats:styled-content> opioids\u00a0+\u00a0pregabalin in patients suffering from fatigue. While most patients took less than recommended pregabalin doses, higher doses may lead to improved outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,24]],"date-time":"2017-10-24T13:34:39Z","timestamp":1508852079000},"page":"611-624","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Interpreting the Effectiveness of Opioids and Pregabalin for Pain Severity, Pain Interference, and Fatigue in Fibromyalgia Patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Fred","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ProCare Systems, Inc. Grand Rapids Michigan U.S.A"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Gostine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Pain Consultants Grand Rapids Michigan U.S.A"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bradley A.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ProCare Systems, Inc. Grand Rapids Michigan U.S.A"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Risko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ProCare Systems, Inc. Grand Rapids Michigan U.S.A"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph C.","family":"Cappelleri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Inc. Groton Connecticut U.S.A"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alesia","family":"Sadosky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Inc. 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