{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T23:12:01Z","timestamp":1776726721766,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]],"date-time":"2019-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pain Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pain management after surgery is crucial to decrease perioperative morbidity and mortality. Acute pain services (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APS<\/jats:styled-content>) are multidisciplinary teams that represent a modern strategy to address pain inside hospitals. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APS<\/jats:styled-content> defines and applies pain treatment protocols specific for each surgery. To evaluate the performance of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APS<\/jats:styled-content> at our institute, we performed a large retrospective cohort study focusing on complications of epidural analgesia and IV opiates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from the 10 years of activity of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APS<\/jats:styled-content> were collected. Pain was assessed using the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAS<\/jats:styled-content> at rest (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAS<\/jats:styled-content>r) and during movement (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAS<\/jats:styled-content>m) at each daily visit; the presence of side effects and complications was also assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 17,913 adult patients were followed by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APS<\/jats:styled-content> during the study period. Epidural analgesia was used in 7,776 cases (43%), while 9,239 (52%) patients used IV patient\u2010controlled analgesia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCA<\/jats:styled-content>). A combination of the 2 was used in 87 patients (0.5%). A total of 456 perineural catheters (2.6%) were placed, while 442 patients(2.5%) used other analgesic techniques. We recorded 163 dural punctures during catheter placement, with no epidural hematoma, epidural abscess, or meningitis, and no permanent modification in sensitive or motor functions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In our large case series, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APS<\/jats:styled-content> was confirmed safe and effective in treating postoperative pain, using both epidural analgesia and IV <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCA<\/jats:styled-content> with morphine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,21]],"date-time":"2019-02-21T19:15:30Z","timestamp":1550776530000},"page":"586-593","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Acute Pain Service: A 10\u2010Year 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