{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:18:52Z","timestamp":1787015932484,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,17]],"date-time":"2019-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pain Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Patients with chronic pain treated with opioids are at an increased risk for opioid misuse or opioid use disorder (\n OUD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). Recent years have seen a stark increase in abuse, misuse, and diversion of prescription opioid medications. The aim of this study was to investigate trends in changing rates of opioid use disorder among patients with chronic pain.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n The National Inpatient Sample (\n NIS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) database identified chronic pain admissions with\n OUD<\/jats:styled-content>\n from 2011 to 2015. Patients were identified from the\n NIS<\/jats:styled-content>\n database using International Classification of Diseases (9th and 10th revisions) diagnosis codes for chronic pain and\n OUD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Annual estimates and trends were determined for\n OUD<\/jats:styled-content>\n , patient characteristics,\n OUD<\/jats:styled-content>\n among subgroups of chronic pain conditions, and discharge diagnosis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n We identified 10.3 million patients with chronic pain. Of these, 680,631 patients were diagnosed with\n OUD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . The number of patients with\n OUD<\/jats:styled-content>\n increased from 109,222 in 2011 to 172,680 in 2015 (\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n <\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 0.001). Similarly, there were upward trends of\n OUD<\/jats:styled-content>\n among females (53.2% to 54.5%;\n P\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 0.09), patients 65 to 84\u00a0years of age (11.8% to 17%;\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n <\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 0.001), Medicare\u2010insured patients (39.5% to 46.0%;\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n <\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 0.01), patients with low annual household incomes (27.8% to 33.3%;\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n <\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 0.001), and patients with cannabinoid use disorder (7.2% to 8.3%;\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 0.01). The prevalence of\n OUD<\/jats:styled-content>\n increased from 2011 to 2015 in patients with chronic regional pain syndrome (5.53% to 7.46%;\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 0.01) and spondylosis (1.32% to 1.81%;\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n <\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 0.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n These findings suggest that the prevalence of\n OUD<\/jats:styled-content>\n increased substantially from 2011 to 2015. Disparities of\n OUD<\/jats:styled-content>\n with increasing opioid use among vulnerable populations including women, those with Medicare insurance, tobacco use disorder, and low annual income should be explored further.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,11]],"date-time":"2019-05-11T10:29:35Z","timestamp":1557570575000},"page":"656-663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Trends of Opioid Use Disorder Among Hospitalized Patients With Chronic Pain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2794-738X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vwaire","family":"Orhurhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayowa","family":"Olusunmade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Newark New Jersey U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Urits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Viswanath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Valley Anesthesiology and Pain Consultants University of Arizona College of Medicine\u2010Phoenix Phoenix Arizona U.S.A."},{"name":"Creighton University School of Medicine Omaha Nebraska U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacquelin","family":"Peck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Mt. Sinai Medical Center of Florida Miami Beach Florida U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariam Salisu","family":"Orhurhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peju","family":"Adekoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain Division Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Harvard Medical School Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameer","family":"Hirji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Surgery Harvard Medical School Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Sampson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Simopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0812-5356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gill","family":"Jatinder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530230060032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002403"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002236"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.14446"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1406143"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/sirius-2018-0016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.Results from the 2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings NSDUH Series H\u201044 HHS Publication No. (SMA) 12\u20104713.Rockville MD:Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration;2011."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"CDC grand rounds: prescription drug overdoses \u2013 a U.S. epidemic","volume":"61","author":"Paulozzi L","year":"2012","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1604339"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-017-0644-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1507771"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.04005.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12697"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chronic pain and opioid misuse: a review of reviews","volume":"12","author":"Voon P","year":"2017","journal-title":"Subst Abus Treat Prev Policy"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k2833"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","unstructured":"Agency for Healthcare Research & Quality.HCUP Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS). 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Final Rep Calc Nationwide Inpatient Sample Variances 2001.North Bethesda MD:Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality;2005."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","unstructured":"StataCorp.Stata.College Station TX:StataCorp LLC;2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000145"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15360288.2016.1231739"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Surgeon General.Facing Addiction in America: The Surgeon General's Spotlight on Opioids.Washington DC:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services;2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Addressing the prescription opioid crisis.Atlanta GA:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A population\u2010based examination of trends and disparities in medication treatment for opioid use disorders among Medicaid enrollees","author":"Stein BD","year":"2018","journal-title":"Subst Abus"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17269\/s41997-018-0053-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2018.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-018-1058-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","first-page":"160","article-title":"Increased burden of healthcare utilization and cost associated with opioid\u2010related constipation among patients with noncancer pain","volume":"9","author":"Fernandes AW","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am Heal Drug Benefits"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Evaluation of coding data quality of the HCUP National Inpatient Sample","volume":"21","author":"Berthelsen CL","year":"2000","journal-title":"Top Health Inf Manage"}],"container-title":["Pain Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/papr.12789","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/papr.12789","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/papr.12789","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T08:25:09Z","timestamp":1694247909000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/papr.12789"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,17]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/papr.12789"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/papr.12789","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-7085","1533-2500"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-7085","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-2500","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-01-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-04-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-06-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}