{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T15:36:14Z","timestamp":1788104174628,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,21]],"date-time":"2019-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pain Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lumbar radicular pain (LRP) results from inflammation and irritation of lumbar spinal nerves and the dorsal root ganglion (DRG).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study is a prospective, triple\u2010blind, randomized, activecontrol trial (CTRI\/2016\/02\/006666) comparing transforaminal epidural local anesthetic (LA) injection and pulsed radiofrequency treatment of DRG in patients with chronic LRP. Patients with LRP after failed conservative management for &gt;3\u00a0months received selective diagnostic nerve root block with 1\u00a0mL 2% lidocaine. Fifty patients showing positive responses were divided into groups of 25 each. The LA group received transforaminal epidural injection of 1\u00a0mL 0.5% bupivacaine. The lumbar pulsed radiofrequency (LPRF) group received transforaminal epidural injection of 1\u00a0mL 0.5% bupivacaine with 3 cycles of pulsed radiofrequency of the DRG for 180\u00a0seconds<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both groups were compared by observing pain intensity on a 0\u2010 to 100\u2010point VAS and improvement in functional status by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI version 2.0) at 2 weeks and 1, 2, 3, and 6 months. All baseline variables were comparable between the 2 groups. Statistically significant reduction in both outcomes was seen in the LPRF group compared to the LA group from 2\u00a0weeks to 6\u00a0months. One hundred percent of patients in the LPRF group had a \u226520\u2010 point decrease in VAS and significant percentage reduction in ODI at all time intervals up to 6 months, whereas it was seen in 80% and 28% of patients in the LA group at 3 and 6\u00a0months, respectively. No complications were seen in any patients<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pulsed radiofrequency of the DRG applied for longer duration results in long\u2010term pain relief and improvement in the functional quality of life in patients with chronic LRP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,20]],"date-time":"2019-09-20T07:54:50Z","timestamp":1568966090000},"page":"154-167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Transforaminal Epidural Injection of Local Anesthetic and Dorsal Root Ganglion Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment in Lumbar\u00a0Radicular Pain: A Randomized, Triple\u2010Blind, Active\u2010Control Trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0802-4915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manish","family":"De","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9359-0016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virender K.","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debesh","family":"Bhoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveen","family":"Talawar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajeet","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology All India Institute of Medical Sciences Patna India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhavuk","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjan","family":"Trikha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Dehran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lokesh","family":"Kashyap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilip R.","family":"Shende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2010.00370.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"E199","article-title":"Effectiveness of therapeutic lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injections in managing lumbar spinal pain","volume":"15","author":"Kentucky L","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Physician."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"Classification of Chronic Pain: Descriptions of Chronic Pain Syndromes and Definitions of Pain Terms","author":"Merskey H","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"Clinical_Anatomy_of_the_Lumbar_Spine_and_Sacrum.pdf[Internet].http:\/\/www.vertebrologi.ru\/biblio\/books\/Clinical_Anatomy_of_the_Lumbar_Spine_and_Sacrum.pdf(accessed October 29 2018)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aem238"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"361","article-title":"Interlaminar versus transforaminal epidural injections for the treatment of symptomatic lumbar intervertebral disc herniations","volume":"9","author":"Schaufele MK","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain Physician."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.2015.28.1.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2010\/13\/343","article-title":"Evaluation of the effectiveness of lumbar interlaminar epidural injections in managing chronic pain of lumbar disc herniation or radiculitis: a randomized, double\u2010blind, controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Manchikanti L","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2014\/17\/E489"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1975.43.4.0448"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S26603"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200508000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(93)90112-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12115-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2007.05.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2005.00076.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-16-06483.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200204000-00030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2014\/17\/477"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2013\/16\/E435"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2008.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2012.01453.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.5.SPINE12731"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2004.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000161005.31398.58"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2007.00105.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2008\/11\/137","article-title":"Response to pulsed and continuous radiofrequency lesioning of the dorsal root ganglion and segmental nerves in patients with chronic lumbar radicular pain","volume":"11","author":"Simopoulos TT","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2011\/14\/371"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2011.01202.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12670"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12624"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2136381"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2016.31.8.1324"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/2042618613Y.0000000028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200011150-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199706053362303"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","first-page":"E509","article-title":"Transforaminal versus interlaminar approaches to epidural steroid injections: a systematic review of comparative studies for lumbosacral radicular pain","volume":"17","author":"Chang\u2010Chien GC","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-1000-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2000\/3\/374","article-title":"Transforaminal lumbar epidural steroid injections","volume":"3","author":"Manchikanti L","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2002\/5\/266","article-title":"Effectiveness of transforaminal epidural steroid injections in low back pain: a one year experience","volume":"5","author":"Rosenberg SK","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-200212000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200201010-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2005.05207.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2006.00148.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2009.00770.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjpain.2012.05.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e3181c7705f"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-944238"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.9.SPINE08946"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2011.01313.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S55749"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3102074"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2006.00217.x"}],"container-title":["Pain Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/papr.12840","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/papr.12840","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/papr.12840","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T04:25:47Z","timestamp":1694147147000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/papr.12840"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,21]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/papr.12840"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/papr.12840","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-7085","1533-2500"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-7085","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-2500","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-05-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-09-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-10-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}