{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T06:20:44Z","timestamp":1773382844569,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pain Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Responses of spinal progenitors to spinal cord stimulation (SCS) following spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats were assessed to reveal their potential contribution to SCS\u2010induced analgesia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spinal epidural electrodes were implanted in rats at T12 rostral to a quadrant dorsal horn injury at T13. Further groups additionally received either a microlesion to the dorsolateral funiculus (DLF) or gabapentin (10\u00a0mg\/kg). SCS was performed at 25\u00a0Hz for 10\u00a0minutes on day 4 (early SCS) and at 10\u00a0Hz for 10\u00a0minutes on day 8 (late SCS) after injury. Paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) was measured before injury, 30\u00a0minutes before or after SCS, and before cull on day 14, followed by immunostaining assessment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Paw withdrawal thresholds in uninjured animals (51.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.0\u00a0g) were markedly reduced after SCI (17.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.2\u00a0g). This was significantly increased by early SCS (38.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.2\u00a0g, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01) and further enhanced by late SCS (50.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.9\u00a0g, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01) over 6\u00a0days. Numbers of neural progenitors expressing nestin, Sox2, and doublecortin (DCX) in the spinal dorsal horn were increased 6\u00a0days after SCS by 6\u2010fold, 2\u2010fold, and 2.5\u2010fold, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05 to 0.01). The elevated PWT evoked by SCS was abolished by DLF microlesions (48.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.6\u00a0g vs. 19.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.9\u00a0g, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01) and the number of nestin\u2010positive cells was reduced to the level without SCS (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Gabapentin enhanced late SCS\u2010induced analgesia from 37.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.9 g to 54.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.8\u00a0g (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01) and increased gamma\u2010aminobutyric acid (GABA)\u2010ergic neuronal marker vesicular GABA transporter\u2013positive newborn cells 2\u2010fold (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spinal progenitor cells appear to be activated by SCS via descending pathways, which may be enhanced by gabapentin and potentially contributes to relief of SCI\u2010induced neuropathic pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,31]],"date-time":"2020-05-31T08:46:00Z","timestamp":1590914760000},"page":"859-877","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Prolonged Analgesia by Spinal Cord Stimulation Following a Spinal Injury Associated With Activation of Adult Neural Progenitors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Liting","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Spinal Cord Innovation Research Center The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sue","family":"Fleetwood\u2010Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rory","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elbert A.","family":"Joosten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology\/Pain Management Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1910-1659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi Wai","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain Department of Anaesthesiology University of Hong Kong HKSAR 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