{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T08:03:10Z","timestamp":1777968190789,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pain Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate risk factors associated with recurrence after radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFT) of the gasserian ganglion among patients with ophthalmic trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and prognostic factors in terms of recurrence\u2010free survival (RFS) during a long\u2010term follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From January 2005 to December 2017, 300 patients with ophthalmic TN underwent RFT. A retrospective analysis of 14\u2010year outcomes was performed. Kaplan\u2010Meier analysis was used for RFS after the procedure. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for pain recurrence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The initial effective rate of RFT for ophthalmic TN was 92%. The mean follow\u2010up time was 77.38\u00a0\u00b1\u00a043.24\u00a0months. The cumulative probability of RFS was 86.94% at 1\u00a0year, 80.03% at 2 years, 77.27% at 3 years, 74.01% at 5 years, and 59.92% at 10 years after RFT. The mean duration of RFS was 114.67 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 106.27 to 123.06 months). In multivariate analysis, atypical pain (hazard ratio [HR]\u00a0=\u00a02.831, 95% CI 1.759 to 4.554, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and mild facial hypesthesia (HR\u00a0=\u00a02.540, 95% CI 1.309 to 4.931, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.006) before RFT were independently associated with pain recurrence. Patients with a prognostic index (PI) &gt;\u00a01.27 were at high risk for pain recurrence. Major complications included troublesome dysesthesia (0.7%), keratitis (10.9%), diplopia (0.4%), facial paresthesia (6.2%), and masseter weakness (12.7%). Masseter weakness was more common in patients with V3 branch involvement. Three patients lost their sight due to keratitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study investigated long\u2010term outcomes and complications of RFT for ophthalmic TN. Patients at high risk for pain recurrence were identified, which might provide a basis for clinical decision making before RFT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,25]],"date-time":"2020-06-25T21:40:18Z","timestamp":1593121218000},"page":"26-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Factors Associated With Long\u2010Term Risk of Recurrence After Percutaneous Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation of the Gasserian Ganglion for Patients With Trigeminal Neuralgia Involving the Ophthalmic Division: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2601-4780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiuhua","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4611-157X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuyue","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain Clinic of Anesthesiology Department Central Hospital of China Aerospace Corporation Aerospace Clinical Medical School of Peking University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Cangzhou People\u2019s Hospital Cangzhou Hebei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liangliang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pain Management Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liqiang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pain Management Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaxiang","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pain Management Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4683"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.06.115"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000758"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2017.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"E1041\u2013E1047","article-title":"The effectiveness and safety of thermocoagulation radiofrequency treatment of the 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