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This study aimed to explore sex\u2010specific differences in the presentation of multisite pain post LLL. Hypotheses were multisite pain would be more prevalent among females post LLL as compared with males, and female sex would be significantly associated with multisite pain prevalence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this cross\u2010sectional study, participants answered standardized questions regarding the presence of amputation\u2010specific (ie, phantom\u2010limb, residual\u2010limb) and secondary (ie, contralateral\u2010limb, low\u2010back) pain. Multisite pain was defined as pain in \u2265\u00a02 locations. Sex\u2010specific differences in pain prevalence were evaluated using chi\u2010square tests (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.050). Using logistic regression, the association between sex and multisite pain was examined after controlling for covariates (age, body mass index, time since amputation, amputation etiology and level).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sample included 303 adults (33% females) \u2265\u00a01 year post unilateral LLL. More females than males reported pain in the residual limb (53.0% vs. 38.4%), low back (56.0% vs. 39.9%), contralateral knee (37.0% vs. 24.1%), and contralateral hip (25.0% vs. 12.3%;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.050). More females than males were classified as having multisite pain (72.0% vs. 54.7%;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.004). While patterns of multisite pain were similar (ie, pain affected both amputation\u2010specific and secondary sites) between sexes, being female was independently associated with higher odds of having multisite pain (odds ratio: 2.40, 95% confidence interval: 1.40 to 4.12).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Female sex appears to be associated with multisite pain \u2265\u00a01 year after LLL. Future work is needed to identify mechanisms underlying sex\u2010specific differences in pain presentation and evaluate the impact of sex on pain\u2010related outcomes post amputation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T04:00:25Z","timestamp":1606708825000},"page":"419-427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Sex\u2010specific Differences in Multisite Pain Presentation among Adults with Lower\u2010Limb Loss"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Emma Haldane","family":"Beisheim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy University of Delaware Newark Delaware U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayank","family":"Seth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy University of Delaware Newark Delaware U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John Robert","family":"Horne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independence Prosthetics\u2010Orthotics, Inc. Newark Delaware U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory Evan","family":"Hicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy University of Delaware Newark Delaware U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan Todd","family":"Pohlig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Delaware Biostatistics Core Facility Newark Delaware U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8151-1341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaclyn Megan","family":"Sions","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy University of Delaware Newark Delaware U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.03.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2000.7583"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.21962"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2018.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13442"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-4040.72250","article-title":"Clinical aspects of acute post\u2010operative pain management & its assessment","volume":"1","author":"Gupta A","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Adv Pharm Technol Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(00)00459-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215505cr819oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-018-1061-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.05.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-16-00262"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.09.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280310001603983"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2015.12.0228"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215509360645"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(02)00538-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"Pain phenotypes and associated clinical risk factors following traumatic amputation: results from veterans integrated pain evaluation research (VIPER)","volume":"17","author":"Buchheit T","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.04.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","first-page":"227","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of chronic phantom limb pain among American veterans. 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