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Because it is well known that purines exert multiple affects on pain transmission, we hypothesized that the inhibition of xanthine oxidase by allopurinol could be a valid strategy to treat pain in humans. This study aimed to compare the analgesic efficacy of oral allopurinol versus placebo as an adjuvant therapy in patients displaying fibromyalgia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This randomized, double\u2010blinded, placebo\u2010controlled study included 60 women with the diagnosis of fibromyalgia. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either oral allopurinol 300\u00a0mg (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a031) or placebo (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a029) twice daily during 30\u00a0days. The patients were submitted to evaluation for pain sensitivity, anxiety, depression, and functional status before treatment, and 15 and 30\u00a0days thereafter.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral administration of allopurinol 300\u00a0mg twice daily was ineffective in improving pain scores measured by several tools up to 30\u00a0days of treatment (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05). Additionally, no significant effects of allopurinol over anxiety, depressive symptoms, and functional status of fibromyalgia patients were observed in the present study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although previous findings indicated that allopurinol could present intrinsic analgesic effects in both animals and humans, this study showed no benefit of the use of oral allopurinol as an adjuvant strategy during 30\u00a0days in women displaying fibromyalgia. However, considering previous promising results, new prospective studies are still valid to further investigate allopurinol and more selective purine derivatives in the management of pain syndromes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.13019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]],"date-time":"2021-04-17T17:15:10Z","timestamp":1618679710000},"page":"19-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Allopurinol for fibromyalgia pain in adults: A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"A\u00e9cio C.","family":"Fagundes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Instituto de Ci\u00eancias B\u00e1sicas da Sa\u00fade (ICBS) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enderson D.","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Instituto de Ci\u00eancias B\u00e1sicas da Sa\u00fade (ICBS) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samira G.","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) UFRGS Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00facia M. 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