{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T23:46:09Z","timestamp":1790207169900,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pain Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Face\u2010to\u2010face pain management programs demonstrate positive clinical outcomes in the chronic pain population by improving pain intensity and attitudes, depression, and functional disability scores. The effects of this modality carried out online is less known, particularly in subgroups of chronic pain. This systematic review assessed the effects of online pain management programs in chronic, widespread musculoskeletal conditions on pain measurements (intensity, interference, coping, and catastrophizing), health\u2010related quality of life, depression, and anxiety scores immediately post\u2010intervention. Five electronic databases (Embase, Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, and PEDro) were searched with 3546 studies identified. Eighteen randomized controlled trials fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Included studies had moderate methodological quality (using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) quality assessment tool) but high risk of bias (using the revised Cochrane risk\u2010of\u2010bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2)). There were significant improvements in pain intensity (11 studies, 1397 participants, SMD \u22120.30, 95% CI \u22120.50 to \u22120.10, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004), health\u2010related quality of life (eight studies, 1054 participants, SMD 0.41, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.75, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02), and depression (nine studies, 1283 participants, SMD \u22120.32, 95% CI \u22120.55 to \u22120.08, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008). However, effect sizes were small and did not meet their respective measure's minimal clinically important change score. Guided interventions (regular interaction with an instructor) appeared to be superior to self\u2010completed interventions. Future research should standardize outcome measures for assessing pain, use active control groups, and analyze other outcome measures such as cost and long\u2010term effects. This study was registered with Prospero on August 15, 2021 (CRD42021267565).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.13227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T08:44:55Z","timestamp":1681375495000},"page":"664-683","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Online pain management programs for chronic, widespread musculoskeletal conditions: A systematic review with meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3197-1064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min Tze","family":"Chew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University  Macquarie Park New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cliffton","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University  Macquarie Park New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Allied Health Australian Catholic University  North Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoi Yan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Kowloon Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsz Ming","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Kowloon Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie L.","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000160"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129262"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(97)00126-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2010.545813"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200003)43:3<561::AID-ANR12>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000158"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-010-9306-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","volume-title":"The economic costs of pain in the United States","author":"Gaskin D","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035514"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2012.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2016.1194646"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20823"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12962"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12735"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2021.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633X0501100102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","volume-title":"Telehealth and coronavirus: Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) activity in Australia: Centre for Online Health","author":"Snoswell CL","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6943a3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.509"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"Cost\u2010effectiveness and cost\u2010utility of internet\u2010delivered exposure therapy for fibromyalgia: results from a randomized","volume":"20","author":"Hedman\u2010Lagerl\u00f6f M","year":"2019","journal-title":"Controlled Trial J Pain"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/AH09794"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633X19871746"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.4932"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.7290"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/21542"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/15365"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001384"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10515"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(97)00110-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Fibromyalgia syndrome: review of clinical presentation, pathogenesis, outcome measures, and treatment","volume":"75","author":"Mease P","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Rheumatol Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2009.12.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-7-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2753.2010.01516.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2004.04006.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","unstructured":"DeeksJ HigginsJ AltmanD.Chapter 10: analysing data and undertaking meta\u2010analyses.2021. Cochrane. Available from:www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-021-00191-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsy066"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-013-9513-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000802"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000566"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23595"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000857"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa178"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23817"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2018.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.091327"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/16234"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.08.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2020.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/12463"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000845"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","unstructured":"PageMJ HigginsJP SterneJA.Chapter 13: assessing risk of bias due to missing results in a synthesis.2021. Cochrane. Available from:http:\/\/www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"issue":"1265","key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","first-page":"U2804","article-title":"The randomised controlled trial to meta\u2010analysis ratio: original data versus systematic reviews in the medical literature","volume":"120","author":"Bolland MJ","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(01)00349-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","article-title":"How much change is enough? Evidence from a longitudinal study on depression in UK primary care","volume":"1","author":"Kounali D","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58297-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9060737"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-00506-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3621-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988316650625"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2014.08.003"},{"issue":"41","key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","first-page":"681","article-title":"An internet\u2010based intervention for chronic pain: a three\u2010arm randomized controlled study of the effectiveness of guided and unguided acceptance and commitment therapy","volume":"114","author":"Lin J","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dtsch \u00c4rztebl Int"}],"container-title":["Pain Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/papr.13227","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T22:11:57Z","timestamp":1692223917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/papr.13227"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/papr.13227"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/papr.13227","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-7085","1533-2500"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-7085","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-2500","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-09-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}