{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T22:21:24Z","timestamp":1781648484713,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pain Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), which is the most common peripheral nerve entrapment syndrome, can commonly persist despite conservative treatment modalities such as wrist splinting or medications. Pulsed radiofrequency represents a minimally invasive pain intervention technique to alleviate pain. The literature was reviewed to establish the effectiveness of PRF therapy for CTS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a narrative review of relevant articles on the effectiveness of PRF for CTS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four databases, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, OVID Emcare, and Web of Science, were systematically searched. 804 records were screened, and the reference lists of eligible articles were examined. For this review, eight extracted studies were narratively explored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One case report, three retrospective cohorts, one observational prospective study, and three randomized\u2010controlled trials were included. PRF likely provides both an analgesic and functional benefit in patients with mild to severe CTS, and it also shows benefit as an adjunct to carpal tunnel release surgery. Long\u2010term data is limited. It also appears likely that steroid injection may represent a comparable treatment modality to PRF, and there have been positive results when these modalities are used together. Notably, all studies differed in their methodology, making direct comparisons between studies challenging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The evidence for PRF in the treatment of CTS, across the range of spectrum of severity or peri\u2010operative to CTS surgery, appears favorable and avoids known side effects of steroid injections. Potential mechanisms for PRF and future directions for research are explored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.13299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T03:40:19Z","timestamp":1696304419000},"page":"374-382","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A narrative review of pulsed radiofrequency for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9139-5874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Himanshu","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9162-9225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colm","family":"Vance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2647-6778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vishal","family":"Bansal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of Texas Health Science Center Houston  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahilraj","family":"Siva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote Pain Clinic McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-022-02923-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2015.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001552"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-010-0881-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2007\/10\/765"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Treatment of median nerve compression with pulsed radiofrequency: technique and preliminary results in 21 cases. 6th world congress\u2010world Institute of Pain","volume":"12","author":"Ruiz\u2010L\u00f3pez R","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"309","article-title":"Comparison of local steroid injection and pulsed radiofrequency neuromodulation for the treatment of mild idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Suslu H","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparison of local steroid and pulsed radiofrequency in carpal tunnel syndrome. 6th world congress\u2010world Institute of Pain","volume":"12","author":"Ozyuvaci EN","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129918"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2018.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18794\/aams\/142128"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Description of a new minimally invasive approach of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel","volume":"12","author":"Ruiz\u2010L\u00f3pez R","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40141-023-00405-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.16.00719"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"CTRI\/2022\/02\/040031.Two interventions will be compared for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome\u2009: PULSED RADIOFREQUENCY VS STEROID INJECTION (PROSPECTIVE RANDOMISED INTERVENTIONAL CONTROL TRIAL).2022.https:\/\/trialsearch.who.int\/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=CTRI\/2022\/02\/040031[Internet]. 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