{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T17:41:14Z","timestamp":1792431674700,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]],"date-time":"2023-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pain Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The combined use of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and muscle stimulation, in the treatment of chronic pain, using the same probe, could improve the clinical results. However, this technique has not been established as yet. It was our hypothesis that it is possible to generate muscle stimulation by using low frequencies with SCS electrodes and use it to additionally treat chronic back pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We generated muscle stimulation in patients with previously implanted SCS electrodes, for the treatment of lower back pain, by using low frequencies (2, 4, 6, and 8\u2009Hz) and different contact combinations of the electrodes. The results were evaluated by using visual inspection (videos), haptic control, surface electromyography (EMG), and sonographic recordings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This pilot study (17 patients, seven females, age 36\u201387\u2009years, 11 percutaneous paddle leads, and 6 octrodes) was performed at the Neurosurgical Department of the University of Tuebingen. The most preferred frequencies were 6\u2009Hz (45.5% of percutaneous paddle leads) and 8\u2009Hz (50% of octrodes) at contacts 3&amp;4 or 5&amp;6. The preference of frequencies differed significantly among genders (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.023). Simultaneous EMG and ultrasonic recordings demonstrated the generation of muscle potentials and the stimulation of deeper muscle groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, it has been shown that with low\u2010frequency SCS stimulation, pleasant and pain\u2010relieving muscle contractions of the lower and upper back can also be generated. This combined method has been coined by us as \u201cMuscleSCS\u201d technique. Clinical trials are necessary to establish the value of this combined technique and its subtypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.13324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T21:56:54Z","timestamp":1701986214000},"page":"502-513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Is it possible to generate an additional pleasant and pain\u2010relieving muscle stimulation when using a low\u2010frequency spinal cord stimulation (<scp>SCS<\/scp>) for the treatment of lower back pain? Pilot study: A new technique: \u201c<scp>MuscleSCS<\/scp>\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4772-2871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias Hubert","family":"Morgalla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Eberhard\u2010Karls University  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justus","family":"Marquetand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epileptology, Hertie\u2010Institute for Clinical Brain Research University of T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neural Dynamics and Magnetoencephalography, Hertie\u2010Institute for Clinical Brain Research University of T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"},{"name":"MEG\u2010Center University of T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska Katharina","family":"Staber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Eberhard\u2010Karls University  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2017.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Funktionsdiagnostik des Bewegungssystems in der Sportmedizin","author":"Banzer W","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12741"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002258"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-021-00307-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.08.457"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.8.1081"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207450109149744"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"743","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990\u20102013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"386","author":"Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.170527"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200102013440508"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.16885"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13519"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20110290"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"235","article-title":"Present and potential use of spinal cord stimulation to control chronic pain","volume":"17","author":"Song JJ","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000510775"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj\/2016.19.E33"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200103000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(93)90027-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-003-0057-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050449"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-008-1674-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS2004357"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.2.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2014.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207450590956459"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2002.1021588"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13477"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200106010-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2008.2658"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.35.3.186"}],"container-title":["Pain Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/papr.13324","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T08:35:03Z","timestamp":1710318903000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/papr.13324"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/papr.13324"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/papr.13324","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-7085","1533-2500"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-7085","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-2500","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}