{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T20:55:35Z","timestamp":1790974535791,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pain Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Herniated intervertebral disc (HIVD) with radiculopathy is a common degenerative spine disorder. Transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) is one of the pain relief treatments for lumbar radiculopathy recommended by evidence\u2010based guidelines. Adequate contrast distribution is correlated with better pain control, but the best approach has not been confirmed yet.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To confirm the distribution of contrast medium injected with a new approach of TFESI, that is, far lateral lateral recess approach (FLLR\u2010TFESI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients receiving TFESI due to HIVD with radiculopathy between 2010 January and 2020 August were retrospectively enrolled. While the FLLR\u2010TFESI was taken as the experimental group, the conventional approach was viewed as the control group. The baseline characteristics, the pattern of contrast enhancement under fluoroscopic guidance, and the complications of these patients were collected and analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 380 patients were analyzed (143 in control group and 237 in experimental group). The two groups were balanced in most baseline characteristics, except disc extrusion (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01) and scoliosis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04). The FLLR\u2010TFESI have a better contrast distribution (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), even after adjustment (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). No intrathecal injection was noted, but higher rate of intra\u2010disc injection was noted in FLLR\u2010TFESI group (10% vs. 3%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The FLLR\u2010TFESI has a superior contrast enhancement and distribution in comparison to conventional approach. Prospective study to confirm the study result as well as the clinical benefits is suggested in the future.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.13397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T04:30:44Z","timestamp":1719894644000},"page":"1024-1034","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Enhancing contrast distribution with the far lateral approach in lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injections: A retrospective analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7505-0032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying\u2010Wei","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology MacKay Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"MacKay Medical College  Taipei 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