{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:03:15Z","timestamp":1790899395016,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":176,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pain Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic knee pain is defined as pain that persists or recurs over 3\u2009months. The most common is degenerative osteoarthritis (OA). This review represents a comprehensive description of the pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of OA of the knee.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The literature on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic knee pain was retrieved and summarized. A modified Delphi approach was used to formulate recommendations on interventional treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with knee OA commonly present with insidious, chronic knee pain that gradually worsens. Pain caused by knee OA is predominantly nociceptive pain, with occasional nociplastic and infrequent neuropathic characteristics occurring in a diseased knee. A standard musculoskeletal and neurological examination is required for the diagnosis of knee OA. Although typical clinical OA findings are sufficient for diagnosis, medical imaging may be performed to improve specificity. The differential diagnosis should exclude other causes of knee pain including bone and joint disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, spondylo\u2010 and other arthropathies, and infections. When conservative treatment fails, intra\u2010articular injections of corticosteroids and radiofrequency (conventional and cooled) of the genicular nerves have been shown to be effective. Hyaluronic acid infiltrations are conditionally recommended. Platelet\u2010rich plasma infiltrations, chemical ablation of genicular nerves, and neurostimulation have, at the moment, not enough evidence and can be considered in a study setting. The decision to perform joint\u2010preserving and joint\u2010replacement options should be made multidisciplinary.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>When conservative measures fail to provide satisfactory pain relief, a multidisciplinary approach is recommended including psychological therapy, integrative treatments, and procedural options such as intra\u2010articular injections, radiofrequency ablation, and surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.13408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T03:53:10Z","timestamp":1725249190000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["9. Chronic knee pain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1920-8085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thibaut","family":"Vanneste","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine Emergency Medicine and Multidisciplinary Pain Center  Genk Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Maastricht University Medical Center+  Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"MHeNs, Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9422-8940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy","family":"Belba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine Emergency Medicine and Multidisciplinary Pain Center  Genk Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Maastricht University Medical Center+  Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences Hasselt University  Hasselt Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gezina T. M. L.","family":"Oei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Dijklander Ziekenhuis  Hoorn The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter","family":"Emans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care Maastricht University Medical Center+  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loic","family":"Fonkoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Experimental and Clinical Research Institute Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain  Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"Neuro\u2010Musculo\u2010Skeletal Department, Experimental and Clinical Research Institute Universite Catholique de Louvain  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7681-1796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan Willem","family":"Kallewaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Rijnstate Hospital  Arnhem The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2718-5837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Kapural","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carolinas Pain Institute  Winston Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Sommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Maastricht University Medical Center+  Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"MHeNs, Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bert","family":"Vanneste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine AZ Groeninge  Kortrijk Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven P.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology, Neurology, Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation, Psychiatry and Neurological Surgery Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Anesthesiology and Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5389-2036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Van Zundert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine Emergency Medicine and Multidisciplinary Pain Center  Genk Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Maastricht University Medical Center+  Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"MHeNs, Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001384"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","volume-title":"National Institute for health and clinical excellence: guidance. Osteoarthritis: care and management in adults","author":"National Clinical Guideline Centre","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34453"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.phm.0000245568.69434.1a"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reuma.2018.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","first-page":"2507","article-title":"Prevalence of symptomatic knee, hand, and hip osteoarthritis in Greece. The ESORDIG study","volume":"33","author":"Andrianakos AA","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100587"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis\u20102019\u2010216515"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101810"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","first-page":"205","article-title":"Knee osteoarthritis prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis and features: part I","volume":"2","author":"Heidari B","year":"2011","journal-title":"Caspian J Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(19)30417\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7812\/tpp\/16\u2010183"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2012.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2013.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413\u2010021\u201000147\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2014.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket463"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2016.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22412"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891\u2010023\u201006663\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2016.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.L.00206"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2017.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22050"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnac154"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102011\u2010000435"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/2058\u20105241.3.180004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000016450"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1903768"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00349"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102017\u2010019804"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","first-page":"171","volume-title":"Physical examination of the spine and extremities","author":"Hoppenfield S","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2003.50026"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_1","volume-title":"Neurologic exam","author":"Shahrokhi M","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736\u20100266(01)00081\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/pr9.0000000000000624"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780290816"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_42_1","unstructured":"UK NCGC.Osteoarthritis: care and management in adults.2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584\u2010021\u201000673\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.113100"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.16.4.494"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1063\u20104584(03)00030\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_47_1","first-page":"1143","article-title":"Advances in radiographic imaging of progression of hip and knee osteoarthritis","volume":"32","author":"Vignon E","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24562"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2006.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011279.pub3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102474\u20109\u2010116"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891\u2010020\u201003647\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509352157"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41142"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/jaaos\u2010d\u201021\u201001233"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2009.88"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/454873"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004376.pub3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.12402"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891\u2010017\u20101439\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02692155211065636"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21328"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.62.4.316"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.Cd004257"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012157.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000017541"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.170363"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005522.pub3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2022.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v5.i3.351"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005328.pub3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/phm.0000000000001384"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105198"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.19319"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167\u2010018\u20105071\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.5283"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.24503"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005321.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_82_1","first-page":"307","article-title":"The biological action of hyaluronan on human osteoartritic articular chondrocytes: the importance of molecular weight","volume":"22","author":"Maneiro E","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075\u2010015\u20100557\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003\u20104819\u2010157\u20103\u2010201208070\u201000473"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj\u20102022\u2010069722"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/m14\u20101231"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42031"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891\u2010017\u20101591\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_90_1","first-page":"26","article-title":"Comparison of two different molecular weight intra\u2010articular injections of hyaluronic acid for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis","volume":"20","author":"Gigis I","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hippokratia"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178\u2010014\u20109229\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2023.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_202208_29413"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports\u20102014\u2010094036"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/2191926"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546520909397"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402\u2010022\u201004637\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000025168"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465211062243"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891\u2010021\u201004308\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167\u2010011\u20101837\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067\u2010022\u201006463\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2022.100318"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.19415"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018\u2010022\u201003398\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102022\u2010061008"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2192474"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40634\u2010021\u201000415\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546521998010"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2020.11.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.14068"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.09.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526\u20104637.2011.01086.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm\u20102022\u2010103976"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnab022"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm\u20102020\u2010102017"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm\u20102022\u2010104319"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276\u2010019\u201002291\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12844"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.19.00935"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm\u20102018\u2010100051"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_124_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"Fluoroscopic guided radiofrequency of genicular nerves for pain alleviation in chronic knee osteoarthritis: a single\u2010blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"El\u2010Hakeim EH","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.13088"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/phm.0000000000001813"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2537075"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnaa309"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e318074c99c"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/jpr.s373877"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm\u20102022\u2010104054"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm\u20102023\u2010105127"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm\u20102020\u2010102117"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm\u20102023\u2010104643"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnad095"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_137_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Ultrasound\u2010guided genicular nerve Block for knee osteoarthritis: a double\u2010blind, randomized controlled trial of local anesthetic alone or in combination with corticosteroid","volume":"21","author":"Kim D\u2010H","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42384"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnab014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_140_1","unstructured":"Taylor BurnhamMK. Availabke from:https:\/\/www.ipsismed.org\/page\/ResearchSpotlight2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12972"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnad022"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.2019.32.3.223"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2049463717730433"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.23200"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu332"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546517699846"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005118.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465221087365"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(17)30059\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9091216"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnz318"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.14753"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.40473"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.102"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2017.1344211"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967115581163"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42118"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2007.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnz241"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/jaaos\u2010d\u201020\u201000522"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnaa355"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_164_1","first-page":"3.4","article-title":"Optimal needle placement for ultrasound\u2010guided knee joint injections or aspirations","author":"Chen B","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Trauma Treat"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asmr.2021.01.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk8030093"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15081"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm\u20102020\u2010101936"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/aap.0000000000000778"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm\u20102019\u2010100451"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm\u20102020\u2010101370"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_172_1","first-page":"139","article-title":"A prospective randomized comparison of the efficacy of ultrasound\u2010 vs fluoroscopy\u2010guided genicular nerve Block for chronic knee osteoarthritis","volume":"22","author":"Kim DH","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877\u2010016\u20109886\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S144633"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnx286"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2014.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm\u20102018\u2010000015"}],"container-title":["Pain Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/papr.13408","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T13:29:13Z","timestamp":1737034153000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/papr.13408"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":176,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/papr.13408"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/papr.13408","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-7085","1533-2500"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-7085","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-2500","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13408"}}