{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:46:51Z","timestamp":1790668011405,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]],"date-time":"2025-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pain Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medication sources for prescription opioid misuse in US adolescents and young adults may have changed, particularly related to the COVID\u201019 pandemic. We examined how opioid sources vary across age groups and cohorts and whether links between sources and substance use or mental health vary between age groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross sectional nationally representative survey data from the 2015\u20132019 and 2021\u20132022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health were used. Respondents were interviewed in their homes (2015\u201319) or via mixed household and web\u2010based survey methods (2021\u20132022). Participants were 6045 14\u201325\u2010year\u2010old reporting past\u2010year prescription opioid misuse. Mutually exclusive opioid sources were physicians, purchases, theft, and friends\/family for free. Cross\u2010tabulations estimated source prevalence by age, and logistic and negative binomial regression models evaluated links between sources (independent variable) and substance use, mental health, and sociodemographics (individual dependent variables).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Theft declined significantly with age in the 2015\u20132019 cohort (12.4% to 4.7%), with some evidence of opioid source differences between 2015\u20132019 and 2021\u20132022. Those using purchases had the most past\u2010month prescription opioid misuse days and the highest prevalence of substance use disorder from misuse (e.g., 23.4% of 2015\u20132019 young adults), other substance use, and mental health concerns; those using theft typically had the second highest rates, with the lowest rates often in the physician source group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found age\u2010 and cohort\u2010based differences in sources, and mechanisms underlying these differences warrant further study. Adolescents and young adults using purchases or theft to obtain opioids are important targets for identification and intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.70057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]],"date-time":"2025-06-21T04:44:43Z","timestamp":1750481083000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["US Adolescents\u2019 and Young Adults\u2019 Sources for Prescription Opioid Misuse: Age, Substance Use, and Mental Health Differences"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3655-0496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ty S.","family":"Schepis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Texas State University  San Marcos Texas USA"},{"name":"Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan 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