{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T18:02:49Z","timestamp":1789495369787,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pain Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of proximal and distal ultrasound\u2010guided greater occipital nerve block (US\u2010GONB) in patients with migraine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to July 2025. Studies assessing US\u2010GONB in migraine were included. Data were pooled using a random\u2010effects model and expressed as mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the injection site.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twelve studies (658 patients) were included. US\u2010GONB significantly reduced pain intensity (MD\u2009=\u2009\u22123.48 points, 95% CI [\u22123.84, \u22123.11]), monthly headache frequency (MD\u2009=\u2009\u22129.12\u2009days, 95% CI [\u221211.65, \u22126.58]), headache duration (MD\u2009=\u2009\u221218.98\u2009h, 95% CI [\u221226.86, \u221211.11]), and monthly analgesic use (MD\u2009=\u2009\u221210.01, 95% CI [\u221212.91, \u22127.11]). No significant subgroup difference was observed in pain intensity between injection sites. For monthly headache frequency, a significant subgroup difference was observed, with the proximal subgroup demonstrating numerically larger reductions than the distal subgroup (\u221210.83 vs. \u22126.36\u2009days;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006). Adverse events were generally mild and transient: loss of pinprick sensation occurred in 80% of proximal vs. 100% of distal injections, dizziness in 22.7% vs. 3.9%, moderate\u2010to\u2010severe migraine attacks in 20.1% vs. 12.9%, and cerebellar\u2010like symptoms in 12.5% vs. 0%, respectively. Vasovagal syncope (9.1%) and local pain (8.1%) were reported only in proximal injections.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>US\u2010GONB appears to be a safe and effective intervention for migraine, significantly improving pain and headache burden. Proximal injections may be associated with greater reductions in headache frequency; however, these findings were based on indirect comparisons. Further comparative trials are warranted to optimize anatomical targeting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.70202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T17:09:53Z","timestamp":1789492193000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring Proximal and Distal Ultrasound\u2010Guided Greater Occipital Nerve Block Approaches in Migraine: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9449-5707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haneen","family":"Sabet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine South Valley University  Qena Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Samir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Al\u2010Azhar University  Damietta Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basant","family":"Lashin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5101-5972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdallah","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Al\u2010Azhar University  Damietta Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6776-883X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shrouk","family":"Ramadan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Ain\u2010Shams University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5321-0867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"El\u2010Moslemani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Al\u2010Azhar University  Damietta Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5917-3087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed F.","family":"Younis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Al\u2010Azhar University  Damietta Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5832-3780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Obai","family":"Yousef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Tishreen University Hospital  Latakia Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0326-9297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rovan Ahmed","family":"Rouby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Fayoum University  Fayoum Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9890-7860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaa","family":"Abd\u2010Elsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2008.01666.x","article-title":"Cumulative Lifetime Migraine Incidence in Women and Men","volume":"28","author":"Stewart W. F.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202","article-title":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd Edition","volume":"38","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2012.02223.x","article-title":"Chronic Migraine Prevalence, Disability, and Sociodemographic Factors: Results From the American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention Study","volume":"52","author":"Buse D. C.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"379","key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-067670","article-title":"Management of Chronic Migraine","volume":"10","author":"Hovaguimian A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024241267309","article-title":"Migraine Is the Most Disabling Neurological Disease Among Children and Adolescents, and Second After Stroke Among Adults: A Call to Action","volume":"44","author":"Peres M. F. P.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","first-page":"545","article-title":"Anesthetic Blockade of the Greater Occipital Nerve in Migraine Prophylaxis","volume":"59","author":"Piovesan E. J.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arquivos de Neuro\u2010Psiquiatria"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","article-title":"Quality of Life and Disability Among Migraine Patients: A Single\u2010Center Study in AlAhsa, Saudi Arabia","volume":"13","author":"Ghadeer H. A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.93","article-title":"Chronic Migraine: Risk Factors, Mechanisms and Treatment","volume":"12","author":"May A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.16062","article-title":"Comparative Retention and Effectiveness of Migraine Preventive Treatments: A Nationwide Registry\u2010Based Cohort Study","volume":"31","author":"Bj\u00f8rk M. H.","year":"2024","journal-title":"European Journal of Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000006059","article-title":"Greater Occipital Nerve Block for the Treatment of Chronic Migraine Headaches: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"144","author":"Shauly O.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-007-0195-3","article-title":"Greater Occipital Nerve Block for Migraine and Other Headaches: Is It Useful?","volume":"11","author":"Ashkenazi A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Current Pain and Headache Reports"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2004.00941.x","article-title":"Greater Occipital Nerve Block Is Ineffective in Chronic Tension Type Headache","volume":"25","author":"Leinisch\u2010Dahlke E.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2011.61.1.50","article-title":"Ultrasound\u2010Guided Greater Occipital Nerve Block for Patients With Occipital Headache and Short Term Follow Up","volume":"61","author":"Shim J. H.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000513","article-title":"Clinical Efficacy of an Ultrasound\u2010Guided Greater Occipital Nerve Block at the Level of C2","volume":"42","author":"Pingree M. J.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.13405","article-title":"11. Cervicogenic Headache and Occipital Neuralgia","volume":"25","author":"Lefel N.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pain Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-018-0913-8","article-title":"Myofascial Trigger Points in Migraine and Tension\u2010Type Headache","volume":"19","author":"Do T. P.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Headache and Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2006.07.003","article-title":"Myofascial Trigger Points in the Suboccipital Muscles in Episodic Tension\u2010Type Headache","volume":"11","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010de\u2010Las\u2010Pe\u00f1as C.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Manual Therapy"},{"issue":"372","key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 Statement: An Updated Guideline for Reporting Systematic Reviews","volume":"29","author":"Page M. J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","unstructured":"\u201cCochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions \u201d(2024) https:\/\/training.cochrane.org\/handbook."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","unstructured":"\u201cFree Online Spreadsheet Software: Excel|Microsoft 365 \u201d(2024) https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en\u2010us\/microsoft\u2010365\/excel."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration's Tool for Assessing Risk of Bias in Randomised Trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins J. P. T.","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","unstructured":"\u201cResearchGate [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jun 14]. The Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale (NOS) for Assessing the Quality of Non\u2010Randomized Studies in Meta\u2010Analysis|Request PDF \u201d(2025) https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/261773681_The_Newcastle\u2010Ottawa_Scale_NOS_for_Assessing_the_Quality_of_Non\u2010Randomized_Studies_in_Meta\u2010Analysis."},{"issue":"355","key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","article-title":"ROBINS\u2010I: A Tool for Assessing Risk of Bias in Non\u2010Randomised Studies of Interventions","volume":"12","author":"Sterne J. A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-024-02356-6","article-title":"Meta\u2010Analysis Accelerator: A Comprehensive Tool for Statistical Data Conversion in Systematic Reviews With Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"24","author":"Abbas A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Medical Research Methodology"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","unstructured":"\u201c9.5.2 Identifying and measuring heterogeneity [Internet]. [cited 2024 Sep 3] \u201d(2024) https:\/\/handbook\u20105\u20101.cochrane.org\/chapter_9\/9_5_2_identifying_and_measuring_heterogeneity.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","unstructured":"A.KanellopoulouandS.Tsokani \u201cHandling heterogeneity in Cochrane reviews\u201d."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","unstructured":"\u201c10.4.3.1 Recommendations on testing for funnel plot asymmetry [Internet]. [cited 2025 Aug 26] \u201d(2025) https:\/\/handbook\u20105\u20101.cochrane.org\/chapter_10\/10_4_3_1_recommendations_on_testing_for_funnel_plot_asymmetry.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","unstructured":"\u201cRevMan: Systematic review and meta\u2010analysis tool for researchers worldwide|Cochrane RevMan [Internet]. [cited 2024 Dec 4] \u201d(2024) https:\/\/revman.cochrane.org\/info."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","unstructured":"S.Balta \u201cMidterm clinical outcomes of ultrasound\u2010guided bilateral C2 level greater occipital nerve block in patients with chronic migraine \u201d(2021)."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.54029\/2023dpf","article-title":"Comparison of Outcomes of Transnasal Sphenopalatine Ganglion and Ultrasound\u2010Guided Proximal Greater Occipital Nerve Blockades in Chronic Migraine","volume":"28","author":"Balta S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"NeuroAsia"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","first-page":"100","article-title":"Comparison of the Efficacy of Repeated Greater Occipital Nerve Block and Pulsed Radiofrequency Therapy in Chronic Migraine Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study","volume":"38","author":"Ertilav E.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2018-100306","article-title":"Comparison of Two Ultrasound\u2010Guided Techniques for Greater Occipital Nerve Injections in Chronic Migraine: A Double\u2010Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial","volume":"44","author":"Flamer D.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.aian_169_23","article-title":"Efficacy of Adding a Distal Level Block to a C2 Level Greater Occipital Nerve Block Under Ultrasound Guidance in Chronic Migraine","volume":"26","author":"Guner D.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-024-03816-8","article-title":"Comparison of Two Methods of Greater Occipital Nerve Block in Patients With Chronic Migraine: Ultrasound\u2010Guided and Landmark\u2010Based Techniques","volume":"24","author":"G\u00fcrsoy G.","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2022.107190","article-title":"A Comparison of the Clinical Efficacy of GON Block at the C2 Level and GON Block at the Classical Distal Occipital Level in the Treatment of Migraine","volume":"215","author":"Karao\u011flan M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_2_14_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj\/2015.18.153","article-title":"Ultrasound\u2010Guided Greater Occipital NerveBlock: An Efficient Technique in ChronicRefractory Migraine Without Aura?","volume":"2","author":"Palamar D.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-025-02013-3","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Ultrasound\u2010Guided Peripheral Nerve Blocks in Management of Chronic Resistant Migraine","volume":"26","author":"Taha N. A.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Headache and Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_14_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.aian_677_23","article-title":"Ultrasound\u2010Guided Combined Greater Occipital Nerve Block at the C2 Level With Trapezius Trigger Point Injection and Supraorbital\u2010Supratrochlear Nerve Block: More Effective on Allodynia and Disability in Chronic Migraine","volume":"26","author":"Turan S. A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-024-00449-7","article-title":"Effectiveness of Combining Greater Occipital Nerve Block and Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment in Patients With Chronic Migraine: A Double\u2010Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"20","author":"Tanyel Sara\u00e7o\u011flu T.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Head & Face Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_14_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-023-03598-x","article-title":"A New Neuromodulation Method in Chronic Migraine; Non\u2010\u0131nvasive Pulsed Radiofrequency, a Single\u2010Blinded, Randomised, Controlled Trial","volume":"193","author":"Perdecio\u011flu G. R. G.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Irish Journal of Medical Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-024-03834-6","article-title":"Assessing the Effectiveness of Greater Occipital Nerve Block in Chronic Migraine: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"24","author":"Mustafa M. S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_14_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2021.1903320","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Greater Occipital Nerve Block for the Treatment of Cervicogenic Headache: A Systematic Review","volume":"21","author":"Caponnetto V.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_14_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.JOACP_62_21","article-title":"Nerve Blocks for Occipital Headaches: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"39","author":"Evans A. G.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_14_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000001023","article-title":"Comparative Effectiveness of Landmark\u2010Guided Greater Occipital Nerve (GON) Block at the Superior Nuchal Line Versus Ultrasound\u2010Guided GON Block at the Level of C2: A Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT)","volume":"38","author":"Kissoon N. R.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinical Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_14_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58121791","article-title":"Suboccipital Muscles, Forward Head Posture, and Cervicogenic Dizziness","volume":"58","author":"Sung Y. H.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_47_1","first-page":"421","volume-title":"Introduction to Meta\u2010Analysis","author":"Borenstein M.","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["Pain Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/papr.70202","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/papr.70202","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/papr.70202","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T17:10:01Z","timestamp":1789492201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/papr.70202"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/papr.70202"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/papr.70202","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-7085","1533-2500"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-7085","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-2500","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70202"}}