{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T09:40:53Z","timestamp":1792230053430,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006093","name":"Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pain Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is common and often refractory to existing treatments, necessitating long\u2010term opioid therapy, which has substantial risks. Mindfulness\u2010based (MBT) and cognitive behavioral (CBT) therapies are safe and can be effective for CLBP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To better understand how MBT and CBT may help improve opioid\u2010treated CLBP:<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This qualitative study involved a subgroup of participants with opioid\u2010treated CLBP who completed a 12\u2010month randomized clinical trial comparing the effects of MBT versus CBT. Participants who reported improvements at 12\u2009months, compared to baseline, in main outcomes (assessed with validated \u201cquantitative\u201d questionnaires) and experience with the study intervention, and who attended the intervention sessions were invited to in\u2010depth exit interviews. The interviews achieved thematic saturation. Thematic analysis of transcribed interviews summarized qualitative findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty participants (26 MBT, 24 CBT) were interviewed. They were, on average, 58.5 (SD\u2009=\u200910.0) years old. Most were female (60.0%), non\u2010Hispanic (94.0%), and White (82.0%). At baseline, both groups were, on average, moderately\u2010to\u2010severely impacted by CLBP and treated with moderate\u2010to\u2010high daily opioid doses; at 12\u2009months, they quantitatively reported improved pain, function and QoL scores and reduced daily opioid dose. In their qualitative responses, these participants corroborated the quantitative findings, reporting reductions in back pain (98.0% of interviewed participants), functional limitations (100.0%), and opioid dose (98.0%), with the majority attributing these changes to the study intervention they had received (98.0%, 94.0%, and 90.0%, respectively). Participants also reported the interventions helped them cope with emotional challenges and life stressors, and opioid\u2010related adverse effects. Participants did not raise concerns about interventions' safety. Qualitative themes identified intervention\u2010taught techniques participants most frequently used to manage their symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MBT and CBT can improve health and QoL and reduce opioid dose in adults with opioid\u2010treated refractory CLBP, calling for improved access to these safe treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.70209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T06:22:56Z","timestamp":1791613376000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["How Do Mindfulness\u2010Based and Cognitive Behavioral Therapies Help Adults With Opioid\u2010Treated Chronic Low Back Pain? A Qualitative Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5072-7943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douwn\u00e9 L.","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine Penn State College of Medicine  Hershey Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2891-857X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric L.","family":"Garland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanford Institute for Empathy and Compassion University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert R.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital  Chestnut Hill Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital  Chestnut Hill Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy A.","family":"Burzinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth D.","family":"Croes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin Survey Center  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Cradock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin Survey Center  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5680-3134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Penn State College of Medicine  Hershey Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences Penn State College of Medicine  Hershey Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilagh A.","family":"Mirgain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janice M.","family":"Singles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7773-6003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra E.","family":"Zgierska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine Penn State College of Medicine  Hershey Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences Penn State College of Medicine  Hershey Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Penn State College of Medicine  Hershey Pennsylvania 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