{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T17:31:35Z","timestamp":1772213495566,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,24]],"date-time":"2014-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["SFRH\/BD\/36617\/2007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/36617\/2007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol Psychother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent research has shown that early adverse experiences can be an important risk factor for eating disorders. However, the role of early shame memories and how they are structured as traumatic and central memories to self\u2010identity in eating disorders has never been investigated. This study explores the phenomenology of shame memories involving attachment figures and other agents from the wider social domain in patients with eating disorders, and examines the relationship between their traumatic and centrality features, social comparison based on physical appearance, and the severity of eating psychopathology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study has a cross\u2010sectional design using a structured interview to assess retrospective data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants in this study were 36 patients with an eating disorder diagnosis, who were assessed using Eating Disorder Examination (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EDE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      16.0D), the Shame Experiences Interview (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), and self\u2010report instruments measuring the traumatic features and centrality to identity of shame memories and social comparison.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results indicated that the traumatic and centrality qualities of shame memories involving social agents other than attachment figures (e.g., peers) are significantly correlated with unfavourable social rank perceptions and with increased eating psychopathology severity. Furthermore, the impact of such shame memories on eating psychopathology is fully mediated by social comparisons based on physical appearance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings highlight the importance of early shame experiences involving peers and other social agents that become traumatic memories, central to self\u2010identity, to eating disorder patients' perceptions of inferiority and their core psychopathology features.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Practitioner points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Early shame experiences of patients with eating disorders should be carefully assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Shame traumatic memories involving social agents outside the family circle (e.g., peers) seem to be especially damaging for patients with eating disorders, and influence how physical appearance is used as a central dimension to establish their social rank.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Practitioners should directly work with these shame memories, focusing on diminishing their traumatic nature and reconstruct their central meaning to self\u2010identity.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/papt.12027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,24]],"date-time":"2014-03-24T20:26:41Z","timestamp":1395692801000},"page":"38-53","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Eating disorders: When social rank perceptions are shaped by early shame experiences"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Marcela","family":"Matos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioural Research Centre University of Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioural Research Centre University of Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristiana","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioural Research Centre University of Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Pinto\u2010Gouveia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioural Research Centre University of Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890423349"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u20103514.51.6.1173"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2005.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018873005147"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","volume-title":"Applied multiple regression\/correlation analysis for the behavioural sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0889-8391.12.3.213"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","volume-title":"Cognitive behavior therapy and eating disorders","author":"Fairburn C. G.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"265","volume-title":"Cognitive behavior therapy and eating disorders","author":"Fairburn C. G.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(03)12378\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033\u20102909.111.2.304"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","volume-title":"O peso da magreza: O corpo como um instrumento de ranking social [The weight of thinness: The body as a social rank instrument]","author":"Ferreira C.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","unstructured":"Ferreira C. Pinto\u2010Gouveia J. &Duarte C.(2010).Dados psicom\u00e9tricos da vers\u00e3o portuguesa da Eating Disorder Examination 16.0D[Psychometric data of the Portuguese version of the Eating Disorder Examination 16.0D]. Manuscript submitted for publication."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.769"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.718"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03324992"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Body shame: Conceptualisation, research and treatment","author":"Gilbert P.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","first-page":"283","volume-title":"The self\u2010conscious emotions: Theory and research","author":"Gilbert P.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099\u20100879(199603)3:1%3c23:AID\u2010CPP66%3e3.0.CO;2\u2010O"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0732\u2010118X(95)00002\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","first-page":"219","volume-title":"Body shame: Conceptualization, research & treatment","author":"Goss K. P.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.463"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291796004394"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","volume-title":"Statistical methods for psychology","author":"Howell D.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2004.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","volume-title":"Shame memories that shape who we are","author":"Matos M.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","unstructured":"Matos M. &Pinto\u2010Gouveia J.(2006).The shame experiences interview. Unpublished manuscript."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.659"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.786"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09658211.2012.680962"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465812001099"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.1766"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"A centralidade das experi\u00eancias de vergonha: Estudo das propriedades psicom\u00e9tricas da vers\u00e3o portuguesa da Escala da Centralidade do Acontecimento [The centrality of shame experiences: Study of the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Centrality of Event Scale]","author":"Matos M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psicologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14195\/1647-8606_54_16"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2010.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","volume-title":"Applying regression and correlation: A guide for students and researchers","author":"Miles J.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098\u2010108X(200007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016763"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.1820"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.1689"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.40.3.879"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.1995.14.4.315"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.774"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2006.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466503322528919"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412950664.n388"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/147608303322362479"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.10030"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/227836"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_51_1","first-page":"399","volume-title":"Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD","author":"Weiss D. S.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098\u2010108X(199201)11:1<85::AID\u2010EAT2260110112>3.0.CO;2\u2010T"}],"container-title":["Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fpapt.12027","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/papt.12027","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T15:22:52Z","timestamp":1762269772000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/papt.12027"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,24]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/papt.12027"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/papt.12027","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-0835","2044-8341"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-0835","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-8341","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,24]]}}}