{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T23:15:33Z","timestamp":1787958933945,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,4]],"date-time":"2015-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z01 DA000175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z01 DA000175"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol Psychother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of homework\u2010task difficulty and electronic\u2010diary reminders on written homework completion during cognitive\u2010behavioural therapy (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) for addiction. Completion of homework is an important element in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      that may affect outcome.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All participants received all combinations of our two interventions in a factorial 2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02 counterbalanced Latin\u2010square design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Methadone\u2010maintained cocaine and heroin users were given homework between each of 12 weekly\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      sessions and carried electronic diaries that collected ecological momentary assessment (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) data on craving and exposure to drug\u2010use triggers in four 3\u2010week blocks assessing two levels of homework difficulty and prompted and unprompted homework.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Neither simplified (picture\u2010based) homework nor electronic reminders increased homework completion. In\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      reports, standard but not simplified homework seemed to buffer the craving that followed environmental exposure to drug cues.\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      recordings before and after the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      intervention confirmed a decrease over time in craving for cocaine and heroin.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings demonstrate the utility of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      to assess treatment effects. However, the hypothesis that simplified homework would increase compliance was not supported.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Practitioner points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Our simplifications of homework assignments for cognitive\u2010behavioural therapy were mostly ineffective, or even counterproductive, perhaps because they did not engage sufficient depth of processing or because they were perceived as too simplistic.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Our reminder beeps for homework were mostly ineffective, or even counterproductive, suggesting that mobile electronic interventions for substance\u2010use disorders may need to be more interactive.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/papt.12080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,4]],"date-time":"2015-11-04T02:46:55Z","timestamp":1446605215000},"page":"276-293","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Cognitive\u2010behavioural therapy for heroin and cocaine use: Ecological momentary assessment of homework simplification and compliance"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Jessica","family":"Willner\u2010Reid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Research Branch Intramural Research Program National Institute on Drug Abuse Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damiya","family":"Whitaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Research Branch Intramural Research Program National Institute on Drug Abuse Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Epstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Research Branch Intramural Research Program National Institute on Drug Abuse Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karran A.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Research Branch Intramural Research Program National Institute on Drug Abuse Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber R.","family":"Pulaski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Research Branch Intramural Research Program National Institute on Drug Abuse Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenzie L.","family":"Preston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Research Branch Intramural Research Program National Institute on Drug Abuse Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Willner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Swansea University UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376\u20108716(03)00092\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"The treatment of anxiety disorders: Clinician's guide and patient manuals","author":"Andrews G.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","volume-title":"Cognitive therapy: Basics and beyond","author":"Beck A. 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