{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:28:55Z","timestamp":1791196135607,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,15]],"date-time":"2016-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1476489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Suomen Akatemia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["138876"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["138876"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol Psychother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dispositional optimism predicts various beneficial outcomes in somatic health and treatment, but has been little studied in psychotherapy. This study investigated whether an optimistic disposition differentially predicts patients\u2019 ability to benefit from short\u2010term versus long\u2010term psychotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 326 adult outpatients with mood and\/or anxiety disorder were randomized into short\u2010term (solution\u2010focused or short\u2010term psychodynamic) or long\u2010term psychodynamic therapy and followed up for 3\u00a0years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dispositional optimism was assessed by patients at baseline with the self\u2010rated Life Orientation Test (LOT) questionnaire. Outcome was assessed at baseline and seven times during the follow\u2010up, in terms of depressive (BDI, HDRS), anxiety (SCL\u201090\u2010ANX, HARS), and general psychiatric symptoms (SCL\u201090\u2010GSI), all seven follow\u2010up points including patients\u2019 self\u2010reports and three including interview\u2010based measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lower dispositional optimism predicted faster symptom reduction in short\u2010term than in long\u2010term psychotherapy. Higher optimism predicted equally rapid and eventually greater benefits in long\u2010term, as compared to short\u2010term, psychotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Weaker optimism appeared to predict sustenance of problems early in long\u2010term therapy. Stronger optimism seems to best facilitate engaging in and benefiting from a long\u2010term therapy process. Closer research might clarify the psychological processes responsible for these effects and help fine\u2010tune both briefer and longer interventions to optimize treatment effectiveness for particular patients and their psychological qualities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Practitioner points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Weaker dispositional optimism does not appear to inhibit brief therapy from effecting symptomatic recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Patients with weaker optimism do not seem to gain added benefits from long\u2010term therapy, but instead may be susceptible to prolonged psychiatric symptoms in the early stages of long\u2010term therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/papt.12109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,15]],"date-time":"2016-10-15T08:23:07Z","timestamp":1476519787000},"page":"279-298","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Dispositional optimism as predictor of outcome in short\u2010 and long\u2010term psychotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Erkki","family":"Heinonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiia","family":"Heiskanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olavi","family":"Lindfors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristiina","family":"H\u00e4rk\u00e4p\u00e4\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lapland Rovaniemi Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Knekt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Biomedicum Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026455"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2012.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0191\u20108869(96)00118\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"APA","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00295"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","volume-title":"Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders","author":"Beck A. 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