{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T15:19:03Z","timestamp":1789658343069,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]],"date-time":"2018-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["408697\/2013\u20100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["408697\/2013\u20100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004263","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2263\u20132551\/14\u20104SIAFEM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2263\u20132551\/14\u20104SIAFEM"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004263","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0514\/12\u20108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0514\/12\u20108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol Psychother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n Although the Ruminative Responses Scale is one of the most widely used measures of rumination, its two\u2010factor structure remains controversial. Taking this into account, we aimed to test the\n RRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201010 two\u2010factor invariance (Brazilian version) between different samples of women and to study its internal consistency and convergent validity.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A sample of 321 women (general population,\n n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 106; college students,\n n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 115; and medical population of patients with overweight and obesity,\n n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 100) participated in the study. The two\u2010factor structure of\n RRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201010 was assessed by\n CFA<\/jats:styled-content>\n and multigroup analysis using Mplus software. Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha and the convergent validity by Pearson correlations.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The two\u2010factor structure of\n RRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201010 showed a good fit, factorial invariance across three samples, good internal consistency, and adequate convergent validity. Brooding and Reflection subscales were both positively correlated with psychological inflexibility, cognitive fusion, anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms, although Brooding presented significantly stronger associations with these variables than Reflection.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n This study provides further discussion and evidence regarding the\n RRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201010 two\u2010factor structure, as well as a valid version of\n RRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201010 to use in Brazil in order to reliably assess rumination in medical and research settings.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Practitioner points<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n \n This is the first study to test and confirm the\n RRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n two\u2010factor structure invariance across groups.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n RRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201010 two\u2010dimensionality was confirmed in medical and non\u2010medical samples of women.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Brooding subscale showed significantly stronger relationships with psychopathology and experiential avoidance than Reflection.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n The study provides evidence that\n RRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n can be used as a valid and sound measure to accurately assess the clinically relevant dimensions of rumination simultaneously across distinct groups.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/papt.12168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]],"date-time":"2018-01-18T11:28:56Z","timestamp":1516274936000},"page":"398-416","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Is the widely used two\u2010factor structure of the Ruminative Responses Scale invariant across different samples of women?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Paola","family":"Lucena\u2010Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive\u2010Behavioral Research Centre (CINEICC) Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Pinto\u2010Gouveia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive\u2010Behavioral Research Centre (CINEICC) Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9rgio A.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive\u2010Behavioral Research Centre (CINEICC) Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margareth da Silva","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evaluation and Treatment in Cognitive and\/or Behavioral Therapies Research Group (GAAPCC) Faculty of Psychology Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.113.1.136","article-title":"Post\u2010event rumination and negative self\u2010appraisal in social phobia before and after treatment","volume":"113","author":"Abbott M. J.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.109.3.403","article-title":"The Temple\u2010Wisconsin Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression Project: lifetime history of axis I psychopathology in individuals at high and low cognitive risk for depression","volume":"109","author":"Alloy L. B.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191109340388","article-title":"Brooding and pondering: Isolating the active ingredients of depressive rumination with exploratory factor analysis and structural equation\u00a0modeling","volume":"16","author":"Armey M. F.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1177\/014662168500900205","article-title":"An empirical test of the utility of the observations\u2010to\u2010variables ratio in factor and components analysis","volume":"9","author":"Arrindell W. A.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Applied Psychological Measurement"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","unstructured":"Barbosa L. M.(2013).Terapia de Aceita\u00e7\u00e3o e Compromisso e Valida\u00e7\u00e3o do Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II: Contribui\u00e7\u00f5es para Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de Processo em Psicoterapia [Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Validation of Acceptance and Action Questionnaore II: Contributions to the Assessment Process in Psychotherapy]. Masters Dissertation Psychology Institute University of Bras\u00edlia Bras\u00edlia"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124187016001004","article-title":"Practical issues in structural modeling","volume":"16","author":"Bentler P. M.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Sociological Methods and Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2011.03.007","article-title":"Preliminary psychometric properties of the acceptance and action questionnaire\u2010II: A revised measure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance","volume":"42","author":"Bond F. 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