{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T10:23:09Z","timestamp":1781778189400,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]],"date-time":"2020-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Barbara Dicker Brain Sciences Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol Psychother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is mounting evidence that traumatic life events play a role in auditory hallucinations (AH). Theory suggests that some AH are decontextualized trauma memory intrusions. Exposure\u2010based trauma\u2010focused therapies that target trauma memory intrusions may therefore be a promising new treatment. We aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a standard protocol trauma\u2010focused imaginal exposure intervention for trauma\u2010related AH and to provide initial proof of concept regarding potential effects on AH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a single\u2010arm case series of a six session (90\u00a0min per session) imaginal exposure intervention for trauma\u2010related AH with assessments at baseline, post\u2010therapy, and one\u2010month follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifteen people were recruited and eligible to start the intervention. Participants reported high levels of satisfaction; however, temporary distress and symptom exacerbation were common and contributed to discontinuation. There was a large reduction in AH severity at one\u2010month follow\u2010up (adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>d\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.99), but individual response was highly variable. There were also large reductions in post\u2010traumatic stress disorder symptoms and the intrusiveness of the trauma memory.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Imaginal exposure for trauma\u2010related AH is generally acceptable and may have large effects on AH severity for some people. However, temporary distress and symptom exacerbation are common and can lead to discontinuation. Low referral rates and uptake also suggest feasibility issues for standalone imaginal exposure for AH. The intervention may be more feasible and acceptable in the context of a broader trauma\u2010focused therapy. Well\u2010powered trials are needed to determine efficacy and factors that impact on acceptability and therapy response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Practitioner points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Some AH can be understood as trauma memory intrusions that lack temporal and spatial contextualization and are therefore experienced without autonoetic awareness.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Imaginal exposure to trauma memories associated with AH may be an effective intervention for some people.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Temporary distress and symptom exacerbation may be common when using standard trauma\u2010focused imaginal exposure for AH. This can impact on the acceptability of the therapy and should be considered in future development and delivery.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/papt.12284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]],"date-time":"2020-05-21T03:13:50Z","timestamp":1590030830000},"page":"408-425","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Trauma\u2010focused imaginal exposure for auditory hallucinations: A case series"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3862-2986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel M.","family":"Brand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mental Health Swinburne University Hawthorn Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1486-6190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Bendall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orygen: The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"The Centre for Youth Mental Health The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6044-6093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy","family":"Hardy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &amp; Neuroscience King\u2019s College London UK"},{"name":"South London &amp; Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7415-8252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan L.","family":"Rossell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mental Health Swinburne University Hawthorn Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Psychiatry St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7006-6361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mental Health Swinburne University Hawthorn Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbx161"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(03)00138-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"Childhood trauma questionnaire manual","author":"Bernstein D. 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