{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T17:43:33Z","timestamp":1789494213462,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol Psychother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among people with psychosis, those with a history of childhood trauma are likely to experience trauma\u2010related symptoms, such as trauma memory intrusions. Irrespective of whether these individuals continue to remember and re\u2010experience trauma, their treatment very often includes alleviating psychotic symptoms through the use of antipsychotic medication. Antipsychotics, while primarily used to treat psychotic symptoms, can influence non\u2010psychotic symptoms and alter how people think and feel. We thus aimed to explore how people with childhood trauma and psychosis experience the effects that antipsychotics have on their (1) thoughts, images, and memories, (2) emotions, and (3) physical responses, related to their childhood trauma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A qualitative phenomenological research design using semi\u2010structured interviews was implemented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nineteen participants were interviewed. Two super\u2010ordinate themes were conceptualized. Many participants spoke about the\n                      <jats:italic>impact of antipsychotics on trauma\u2010related experiences<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Theme 1). Some indicated that antipsychotics alleviated the intensity and frequency of trauma\u2010related thoughts, emotions, and physical symptoms. A few others reported that their trauma\u2010related flashbacks, thoughts, and physical symptoms intensified while taking antipsychotics. Participants spoke about\n                      <jats:italic>the role of antipsychotics in confronting and processing trauma<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Theme 2). A few participants reported that by suppressing trauma\u2010related thoughts and emotions antipsychotics prevented them from confronting their trauma.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The effects of antipsychotics can be subjectively experienced as beneficial or detrimental depending on how they influence trauma\u2010related thoughts, emotions, and physical responses. Intervention studies are needed to determine how people with childhood trauma and psychosis respond to antipsychotic drugs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Practitioner points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Antipsychotics may alter the way in which people with childhood trauma and psychosis remember and re\u2010experience trauma. These alterations can be beneficial or detrimental, and thus play a role in whether people consider their medication helpful.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>By suppressing trauma\u2010related thoughts and emotions, antipsychotics can prevent people from confronting their trauma. This may be considered beneficial to some, but other people may need or want to confront their trauma to heal.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The effectiveness of trauma\u2010focused psychological therapies may be influenced by the emotional, cognitive, and physiological effects of antipsychotic medications.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The ability of antipsychotics to suppress people\u2019s trauma memories may contribute to post\u2010traumatic avoidance. People with post\u2010traumatic stress symptoms and psychosis should be provided with psycho\u2010education about post\u2010traumatic avoidance and its role in the maintenance of post\u2010traumatic stress disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/papt.12367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]],"date-time":"2021-10-09T06:15:39Z","timestamp":1633760139000},"page":"256-276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The subjective effect of antipsychotic medication on trauma\u2010related thoughts, emotions, and physical symptoms: A qualitative study with people who have experienced childhood trauma and 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