{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T04:45:52Z","timestamp":1772772352150,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol Psychother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early maladaptive schemas (EMS) can result from adverse interpersonal traumatic experiences. The ICD\u201011 updated the concept of disorders following traumatic experiences with the new disorder of complex post\u2010traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD). There is now a need to develop and test interventions for CPTSD. An essential step in identifying interventions that are particularly relevant to the treatment of CPTSD is to explore psychological constructs associated more closely with CPTSD compared to PTSD. The current study explored the associations of EMS with PTSD and CPTSD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The sample consisted of 603 adults (mean age\u00a0=\u00a041.65,\n                      <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a013.8), recruited through social media and e\u2010mails, and who responded to an online questionnaire.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants completed measures of demographic, traumatic life events, EMS, PTSD and CPTSD symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, results suggest that participants with CPTSD present with higher schema elevations across all schemas compared to those with PTSD or no diagnosis. Secondly, the schemas of emotional deprivation, abandonment\/instability, social isolation\/alienation, defectiveness\/shame, enmeshment\/undeveloped self, subjugation, emotional inhibition and insufficient self\u2010control\/self\u2010discipline were significantly associated with the symptom clusters of CPTSD. Finally, results indicate that different schemas form significant associations with the individual symptom clusters of CPTSD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although results require replication in clinical samples, initial findings suggest that specific EMS may be important psychological correlates of CPTSD symptoms. Wider treatment considerations of these findings are discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/papt.12429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T00:09:48Z","timestamp":1666051788000},"page":"117-128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Early maladaptive schemas and\n                    <scp>ICD<\/scp>\n                    \u201011\n                    <scp>CPTSD<\/scp>\n                    symptoms: Treatment considerations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1039-3736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lee","family":"Greenblatt\u2010Kimron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work Ariel University Ariel Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3002-0630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thanos","family":"Karatzias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health &amp; Social Care Edinburgh Napier University Edinburgh UK"},{"name":"Rivers Centre for Traumatic Stress, NHS Lothian Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Yonatan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work Ariel University Ariel Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adi","family":"Shoham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work Ariel University Ariel Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9574-7128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip","family":"Hyland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Maynooth University Kildare Ireland"},{"name":"Trinity Centre for Global Health University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7890-2069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Menachem","family":"Ben\u2010Ezra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work Ariel University Ariel Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6262-5223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Shevlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology Ulster University Coleraine UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S85959"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.erap.2011.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20697"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v4i0.20706"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12956"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.690"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e31815fa4c1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02646830801918422"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005\u20107967(99)00123\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15328007SEM0803_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/1040\u20103590.11.3.303"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191104269954"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2F0306624X11415633"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608\u2010011\u20109385\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000114"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02357775"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22457"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465818000577"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v7.30713"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719000436"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.09.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12172"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20240"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608\u2010006\u20109100\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(12)62191\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v4i0.19985"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127\u2010021\u201002028\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","volume-title":"Mplus user's guide: Statistical analysis with latent variables, user's guide","author":"Muth\u00e9n L. K.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/147608306X144178"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2021.102381"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.10.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2F107769909907600303"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15325024.2019.1661598"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","volume-title":"Cognitive psychology and emotional disorders","author":"Williams J. M.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2018).International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (11th rev.). Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/icd.who.int\/browse11\/l\u2010m\/en"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","volume-title":"Cognitive therapy for personality disorders: A schema focused approach","author":"Young J. E.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Cognitive therapy for personality disorders: A schema\u2010focused approach","author":"Young J. E.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Young J. E. &Brown G.(1998).The Young Schema Questionnaire: Short Form.http:\/\/www.schematherapy.com","DOI":"10.1037\/t12644-000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","volume-title":"Schema therapy: A practitioner's guide","author":"Young J. E.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2F0081\u20101750.00078"}],"container-title":["Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/papt.12429","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/papt.12429","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/papt.12429","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T10:04:23Z","timestamp":1762250663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/papt.12429"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/papt.12429"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/papt.12429","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-0835","2044-8341"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-0835","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-8341","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-08-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}