{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T13:02:21Z","timestamp":1784466141297,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol Psychother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A range of traumas have been linked to voices (auditory verbal hallucinations) and unusual perceptual experiences (UPEs) in other perceptual\u2010sensory domains. Models of PTSD and positive symptoms of psychosis are insufficient in explaining the relationship between trauma and voices. The trauma\u2010related voices (TRV) model was developed to generate novel research in this area.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate pathways from trauma to the frequency of UPEs based on a subset of hypothesised relationships in the TRV model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PTSD Diagnostic Scale for DSM\u20105, State Adult Attachment Measure, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales\u201021, Perth Emotion and Regulation Competency Inventory, Dissociative Experiences Measure Oxford, and Multi\u2010modality Unusual Perceptual Experiences Questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We used path analysis in a non\u2010clinical sample (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009528) to model indirect effects from diverse trauma experiences to the frequency of multi\u2010sensory UPEs via a subset of mediators within the TRV model: insecure attachment, emotion regulation deficits, negative affect and dissociation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our model was an excellent fit to the data and accounted for 37.1% of variance in UPE frequency, and all direct (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      s\u2009=\u2009.14\u2013.61) and indirect pathways (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      s\u2009=\u2009.01\u2013.08) were significant (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      s\u2009&lt;\u2009.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that insecure attachment may link diverse trauma experiences to emotion regulation deficits and negative affect, which are linked to UPE frequency via dissociation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings provide preliminary evidence for a subset of relationships within the TRV model. Future studies are needed to gather stronger evidence of temporality and causation between these factors, and to test broader pathways within the TRV model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/papt.12486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T08:48:17Z","timestamp":1690361297000},"page":"934-951","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Pathways from trauma to unusual perceptual experiences: Modelling the roles of insecure attachment, negative affect, emotion regulation and dissociation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6192-371X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura P.","family":"Strachan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Psychology, Curtin School of Population Health &amp; enAble Institute Curtin University  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgie","family":"Paulik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology Murdoch University  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Perth Voices Clinic  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychological Science University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Preece","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Psychology, Curtin School of Population Health &amp; enAble Institute Curtin University  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychological Science University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2924-6760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter M.","family":"McEvoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Psychology, Curtin School of Population Health &amp; enAble Institute Curtin University  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Clinical Interventions  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.113754"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02646830600821231"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbx161"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/9.8.541"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2008.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17522439.2015.1070370"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2017.00111"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20841"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejtd.2018.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939\u20100025.1982.tb01456.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2017.08.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033\u2010295X.103.4.670"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000198139.47371.54"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J229v07n04_02"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbw050"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.08.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701301834"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2020.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2010.02.241"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712000761"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.148486"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00367"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00406"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-08359-9_45"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3181c299ea"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13189\/ujer.2016.040517"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708002742"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000258"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00643"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2008.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.06.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1047840X.2015.989751"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbv175"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000172480.56308.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","first-page":"223","volume-title":"A clinical introduction to psychosis: Foundations for clinical psychologists and neuropsychologists","author":"Hardy A.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2017.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.112.116285"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091432"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2004.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","volume-title":"Principles and practice of structural equation modeling","author":"Kline R. B.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17265\/2159\u20105542\/2012.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15299732.2017.1329772"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920\u2010017\u20100757\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","volume-title":"Applied linear statistical models","author":"Kutner M. H.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.09081168"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2016.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712001626"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470699652.ch9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025995"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005\u20107967(94)00075\u2010U"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717002367"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15328007sem1103_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1350\u20104126.2005.00108.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01363"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbaa101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbw165"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.28.1.341"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000093"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.06.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.06.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14616734.2011.609004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2014.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.1793"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/papt.12371"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2395"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465819000237"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21693"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.10.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2015.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044\u20108341.2011.02054.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030146"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2018.07.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10879\u2010018\u20109392\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2011.13.2\/ischaefer"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_1","volume-title":"Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications","author":"Shaver P. R.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_87_1","first-page":"160","volume-title":"Handbook of theories of social psychology","author":"Shaver P. R.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_88_1","first-page":"185","volume-title":"Advances in experimental social psychology","author":"Sheppes G.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010clinpsy\u2010032814\u2010112739"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.12.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejtd.2022.100266"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153458"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbn130"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2754"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strachan L. P. Paulik G. &McEvoy P. M.(2023).The trauma\u2010related voices model: An integration of auditory verbal hallucinations and posttraumatic stress. PsyArXiv.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/64fm8","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/64fm8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370505000207"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_97_1","volume-title":"Using multivariate statistics","author":"Tabachnick B. G.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_98_1","volume-title":"Interpersonal process in therapy: An integrative model","author":"Teyber E.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbu037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12531"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920\u20109964(99)00224\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/109442810031002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17522439.2010.548564"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11101264"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10879\u2010019\u201009449\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00220973.2010.531299"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164413495237"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schizbullopen\/sgaa021"}],"container-title":["Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/papt.12486","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T14:17:06Z","timestamp":1762265826000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/papt.12486"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"references-count":108,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/papt.12486"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/papt.12486","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-0835","2044-8341"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-0835","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-8341","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}