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Participants included patients with a history of complex attachment and relational trauma (A&amp;RT), who might attract a diagnosis of personality disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study utilised a quasi\u2010experimental non\u2010randomised within subject controlled design for the evaluation of the efficacy of the programme.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were recruited from tertiary care services. The programme consisted of a 12\u2010week Preparation and Engagement intervention (PEG) which was Compassionate Mind Training and Psychoeducation, followed by a 40\u2010week Compassion Focused Trauma Group intervention. The cohort was then followed up after 12\u2009months during which period they received treatment as usual. A comprehensive selection of self\u2010report measures was administered at various points during the therapeutic process and following completion of the group interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of the research showed that the provision of a long\u2010term, slow\u2010paced, Compassion Focused Group Psychotherapy intervention, resulted in significant changes across all measures which were maintained at 12\u2010month follow\u2010up. These significant results were maintained following intention to treat and reliable change analyses. These data were supported by a significant reduction in service usage and a significant increase in engagement in employment and education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study has identified that within Compassion Focused Group Psychotherapy, there is a therapeutic process of establishing group\u2010based safeness as a necessary precursor to cultivating compassion and reworking early shame\u2010based trauma memories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/papt.12518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T07:43:59Z","timestamp":1706859839000},"page":"318-338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Compassion Focused Group Psychotherapy for attachment and relational trauma: Engaging people with a diagnosis of personality disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4933-4741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate","family":"Lucre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation Trust  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Ashworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. George's Hospital Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Copello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Birmingham &amp; Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Compassion Research and Training, College of Health, Psychology and Social Care University of Derby  Derby UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0191\u20108869(95)00086\u2010L"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044\u20108260.1997.tb01255.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195114799.003.0009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.137.11.1360"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207284.2018.1493931"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722003634"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/papt.12275"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","article-title":"Using attachment theory to inform the purposeful adaptation of psychodrama techniques: Implications for clinical practice","volume":"5","author":"Baim C.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psicoterapia y Psicodrama"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u20100167.45.2.131"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/papt.12362"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780198570905.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2051-5545.2010.tb00255.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","article-title":"Thick\u2010and thin\u2010skinned organisations and enactment in borderline and narcissistic disorders","volume":"79","author":"Bateman A. 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